Order 9. CAMPANULAT/E. 
Mostly herbs. Vascular bundles usually colla- 
teral. Flow. 5-merous. Anthers frequently touch- 
ing and + cohering by their edges, with free fila- 
ments. 
Family 95. CAMPANULACE^. Mostly herbs, 
usually with latex. Lea. spiral, simple, exstipulate. 
Flow, g , actinomorphic or + zygomorphic. Sta. 5, 
epigynous or slightly epipetalous ; anthers free or 
mostly cohering. Carp. (2 — 5), with i style; ovaiy 
2 — 5-celled, sometimes partly superior; ovules 00, 
anatropous ; plac. axile. Fr. a capsule. vSeeds endo- 
spermous. 
Phyteuma, Campanula, Specularia, Wahlenbergia, 
Jasione, Lobelia, [Trachelium.'^ 
Family 96. COMPOSITE. Herbs, rarely shrubs, 
(provided with latex in § Liguliflorae) . Lea. spiral, 
rarely opposite, generally simple, exstipulate. 
Flow, in involucrate racemose heads, sometimes 
I -sexual and monoecious, actinomorphic or zygo- 
morphic. Cal. usually represented by scales or 
pappus, occasionally by a 5-pointed ridge or o. Cor. 
tubular or ligulate (in the exotic tribe Mutisieae, 
e.g., Gerbera, 2-lipped). Sta. 5, epipetalous, syn- 
genesious. Carp. (2), median; style i, with 2 stig- 
mas; ovary i-celled, with i basal ascending anatro- 
pous ovule. Fr. small, dry, indehiscent, nut-like 
(cypsela). Seeds exendospermous. 
Tubuliflor^. — Eupatorium, Solidago, Beilis, 
Aster, Erigeron, FilagOy Antennaria, Gnapha- 
Hum, Inula, Pulicaria, Bidens, Anthemis, 
Achillea, Diotis, Matricaria, Chrysanthemum, 
Tanacetum, Artemisia, Petasites, Tussilago, 
46 
