Family 9. CYPFRACE-^. Herbs with generally 
solid stems, often triangular. Lea. usually 3-ranked, 
with unsplit sheaths; ligule o. Flow, in spikes or 
cymes, ^ or i-sexual, each in the axil of a single 
bract. Per. bristly, scaly or o. Sta. i — 3 ; anthers 
basifixed. Carp. (2) or (3), with two or three filiform 
stigmas. Fr. an achene; seed free from pericarp; 
embryo minute, surrounded by the endosperm. 
Cy perns, Eriophorum, Scirpns (inch Isolepis and 
Blysmus), Heleocharis, Schoenus, Cladium, 
Rhynchospora, Kobresia, Carex. 
Order 4 SPATHIFLORyE. 
Flow, cyclic, 2- or 3-merous, ^ or i-sexual, often 
much reduced, inserted on a spadix and + enveloped 
in a spathe. Bracts absent. Per. often o. Ovules 
varying from orthotropous to anatropous. 
Family 10. ARACK^. Mostly herbs. Rhizome 
often tuberous. Lea. various, often broad, petioled 
and net- veined. Spathe often large and coloured. 
Flow, g or monoecious, rarely dioecious, sometimes 
reduced to a single sta. or carp. Per. membranous 
or o. Ovary i- or more-celled ; cells i- or more- 
ovuled. Fr. usually a berry. Seeds endospermous. 
Acorns, Arum, ^Anthnrinm, Monster a, Calla, 
Richardia, Caladinm, Sanromatum.'j 
Family ii. LFMNACF^. Small free floating 
plants, not difierentiated into stem and leaves (quasi- 
cladodes). Spathe minute or o. Flowers monoe- 
cious, very rare. Per. o. cf of i sta . ; oi 1 carp., 
with a few basal erect ovules. Endosperm scanty 
or o. Lemna (incl. Spirodela), Wolffia. 
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