Class I. MONOCOTYLEDONS (cf. p. ii). 
Vascular bundles (usually) closed and scattered. 
Venation of lea. almost always parallel. Embryo 
with I cotyledon ; radicle remaining undeveloped or 
very short. Per. when well-marked usually 3- 
merous. 
A, Sta, and carp, + variable in number. 
Per. absent or, if present, consisting 
ustially 0/ a + inconstant number of 
leaves (cf. p. 8). 
PAND ANALKS . GLUMIFrOR^ . 
ALISMATALES. SPATHIFLOR^. 
Order i. PANDANALES. 
Marsh-loving herbs, with linear lea. Flow, 
i-sexual, naked or with bract-like per. Sta. i — 00 • 
Carp. I — 00 • Seeds endospermous. 
Family i. TYPHACE^.* Reed-like marsh or 
aquatic herbs, with 2-ranked linear sheathing lea. 
Flow, monoecious, in spikes or globular clusters, 
above, 9 below. Per. of 3 — 6 scaly segments, 
or consisting of hairs, or o. Sta. 2 — 6. Carp, i 
or (2), each with i pendulous anatropous ovule. 
Fr. an achene or drupe. Typha, Sparganium. 
Order 2. ALISMATALES (Helobise). 
Water-loving herbs. Flow, cyclic or hemicyclic, 
with o, I or 2 floral envelopes (3-merous in the 
higher forms), hypogymous or epigynous. Sta. 
I — CO- Carp. I — 00, + apocarpous, if superior. 
Endosperm little or none. 
* This family is divided by Engler into two families, one 
for each genus. 
B 
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