ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS. 
Brit. = British. 
cal. = cal3^ = K. 
carp. = carpels = G. 
cor. = corolla = C. 
exc. = except, 
flow. = flowers. 
fr. = fruit, 
gen. = genus. 
incl. = including, 
inflor. = inflorescence, 
lea. = leaves, 
per. = perianth or peri- 
anth-segments = P. 
pet. = petals, 
plac. = placentas or pla- 
centation. 
sep.=: sepals, 
sp. = species, 
sta . = stamens = A . 
= male. 
9 = female. 
^ = hermaphrodite, 
o = absent, none. 
oo = several, many, or in- 
definite in number. 
-f =more or less. 
(3 — 5) = the whorl is composed of 3, 4 or 5 parts, 
4- cohering. 
[ ] = foreign or introduced plants, or occasional 
statements referring to them. 
Certain phrases are left to be understood, such ^^s 
** imbricate ” (in bud), “ spiral ” (in arrange- 
ment), etc. 
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