FLORA OF THE SUNDRIBUNS. 
243 
been recorded from other places of the same kind but that are 
not present at Jatta are also few in number \^Aphania Danura 
’Zehneria unihellata^ Clerodendron Siphononthus^ Bridelia stipu- 
laris, and Streblus asper probably exhaust the list. The shortness 
of this roll, as compared with that of species possibly intentionally 
introduced, is noteworthy. With existing clearings the Jatta plat- 
form shares only Vitis frifolia, Cr&talarla verrucosa, Vernonia 
cinerea-, Hygrophila phlomoides, Pistia stratiotes, Paspalum 
scrobiculatum. . At the sea-face only four species found at Jatta have 
been collected ; these are Crotalaria verrucosa, Capparis sepiaria, 
Ficus Riimphii, Derris scandens. Only three species, and all of 
them climbers, are common to the Jatta platform and the swamp- 
forests ; these are Vitis trifolia and Vitis latifolia, the former 
common, the latter rare, on river-banks only ; Derris scandens, 
common everywhere throughout the forests from the northern boundary 
to the sea-face. 
Besides those species that are maritime or littoral, which occur 
in the existing clearings but which one does not find either in the 
swamp-forests or collect, as Mr. Clarke has put it, in the Bengal 
Plain for 100 miles outside the Soondrebun,” and in addition to the 
species which one finds in swamp-forests or at the sea-face but which 
appear to thrive better in the clearings than elsewhere, there are a 
number of others that persist in the clearings only along embank- 
ments and sides of creeks, but are not there more luxuriant than they 
are in the forests. As examples may be quoted Canavalia turgida, 
Vigna luteola^ Derris uliginosa, Pongamia glabra, C^salpinia Nuga, 
Sonneratia apetala, Morinda hracteata, Wedelia calendulacea, 
Wedelia scandens^ rFlgialitis annulata, /Fgiceras majus, Sarcolo- 
bus glohosusy Sarcolobus carinatus, Acanthus ilicifolius, Avicennia 
officinalis, Excoecaria Agallocha* The majority of the species in 
existing clearings do not, however, occur in the swamp-forests at all. 
To a considerable extent they are aquatic species, found in sluggish 
ditches behind embankments raised to keep out the tides, and in 
pools or tanks of sweet or only slightly brackish water. The leading 
examples of submerged aquatics are Ceratophyllum, Hydrilla, Laga- 
rosiphon, Vallisneria, Ottelia, Ruppia, Naias, two species oi -Utri- 
cular ia ; of floating water-pjants Pistia, Aldrovanda, Limnanthe- 
mum, Panicum Myurus and P. proliferum, Chamseraphis, Leersia,, 
Ipomoea aquatica. Other semi-aquatics, partially submerged or 
growing in very wet places, are Hydrolea, Ammannia, Herpestif 
three species of Hygrophila, Hemigraphis, two species of Scirpus, 
several grasses, Ceratopteris thalictroides. Still another group of 
semi-aquatics or aquatics affect not pools or jhils or still ditches, 
