244 
FLORA OF THE SUNDRIBUNS. 
but the edges of rivers, khals or creeks. Among these may be 
enumerated two species of Typha^ Alpinia Aiiughas, Sctrpus grossus, 
Panicum 7'epens and, as a species wholly submerged at every high 
tide, Cryptocoryne ciliata. The species of this group are some- 
times to be found penetrating for a short distance into the northern 
forests, but none of them are truly swamp-forest plants. 
Terrestrial species confined to existing clearings are plants either 
only in cultivation, or escapes from cultivation, or field-weeds. Among 
those cultivated or occurring as escapes we find Gynandropsis pent a- 
phylla^ * Zizyphus Jujuha^ * Cyamopsis psoraloides, * Sesbania 
grandiflora^ * Tamarind us indtca, * Parkinsonia aculeafa, * Acacia 
arahica, Turner a ulmifoliay Trichosanthes cucumerina, * Psidium 
Guyava, Calotropis gigantea^ Solanum argenfeum, Angelonia gran* 
diflora, Ocimum sanctum^ Ocimum Basilicum, * Amarantus pani- 
culatuSy Amarantus poly gamusy Basella ruhra^Casuarina equiseti- 
foliay * Areca Catechu^ Cocos nuciferay Oryza sativay Andropogon 
squarrosus. The species marked * are only found planted ; the 
others are species that have become thoroughly naturalised and in 
the case of two of these, Solanum argenteum and Angelonia, this 
does not appear to be the case anywhere else in India, though 
Angelonia has become similarly naturalised in places in the Irrawaddy 
delta and near the sea in Tenasserim. 
The weeds to be met with in these clearings include Senebiera 
pinnatifida^ Abutilon indicum and A. graveolenSy Malachra capitata, 
Corchorus acutangulusy Oxalis corniculata, Portulaca oleracea^ 
Cardiospermum HalicacahumyCrotalaria verrucosa and C . Saltiana, 
Phaseolus trilobuSy Cassia Tora, Cucumis trigonus, Cephalandra 
indicay Trianthema monogyna^ Oldenlandia diffusa^ Vernonia 
cinereUy Ageratum conyzoidesy Grangea maderaspatana ^ Xanthium 
spinosum^ Cnicus arvensisy Oxystelma escutentum, Dxmia extensay 
Tylophora tenuis y Hoppea'dichotomay Coldenia procumbenSy Ipomoea 
sepiariay Solanum nigrum and S. xanthocarpuMy Heliotropium 
indicumy Vandellia crust aceUy Scoparia dulcisy Leucas linijoliay 
Amarantus viridisy Euphorbia hypericifoliay\E. hirta and E, thymi* 
foliUy Phyllanthus JSHruriy Chrozophora plicata, Asphodolus tenui- 
foliusy Setaria verticillatay Andropogon aciculatuSy Sporobolus 
tremulusy Chloris barhatUy Eleusine indica and A. dcgyptiacUy Dipla- 
chne JascUy Eragrostis tenella var. plumosUy Asplenium esculentumy 
EJephr odium ariduMy Poly podium prolifer um. This is a meagre 
list when the area of these clearings is taken into account and may 
well be incomplete as regards some of the older clearings. The 
species themselves are, as a rule, unimportant, and the chief interest 
of the list lies in the indications it affords as to what species first 
