THE BIKDS OF AUSTEALIA. 
1899 ; Campbell, Nests and Eggs Austr. Birds, Vol. I., p. 11, 1901 ; Milligan, Emu, 
Vol. II., p. 70, 1902 (W.A.) ; Le Souef, ih., p. 139, 1903 (N.T.) ; HiU, ih., p. 161, 
1903 (Viet.) ; Carter, ih., Vol. III., p. 32, 1903 (W.A.) ; Bemey, ih., p. 123, 1903 (Q.) ; 
id., ih., p. 187, 1904 (Q.) ; id., ih., Vol. V., p. 16, 1905 (Q.) ; Mellor, ih., Vol. VI., 
p. 163, 1907 (Tasm.) ; HiU, ih., p. 177, 1907 (Viet.) ; Batey, ih., Vol. VII., pp. 2, 43, 
1907 (Viet.); Mathews, Handl. Birds Austral., p. 40, 1908; Mattingley, Viet. Nat., 
Vol. XXVI., p. 71, 1909 (Viet.); Whitloek, Emu, Vol. VIII., p. 176, 1909 (W.A.); 
Mathews, ih., Vol. IX., p. 67, 1909 (N.T.) ; Crossmann, ih., p. 86 (W.A.) ; HaU, 
ih., p. 126, 1910 (S.A.) ; Ingle, ih., Vol. X., p. 121, 1910 (Vie.) ; Littler, Handb. 
Birds Tasm., p. 5, 1910 (Tasm.) ; Ogilvie-Grant, Ibis 1910, p. 170 (W.A.) ; North, 
Austr. Mus. Spee. Cat., No. 1, Vol. VI., p. 200, 1911 ; Carter, Emu, Vol. X., p. 295, 
1911 (W.A.) ; Wilson, ih., Vol. XII., p. 31, 1912 (Viet.) ; Stone, ih., Vol. XII., 
p. 112 (Viet.) ; White, ih., Vol. XIII., p. 23, 1913 (S.A.) ; MaegiUivray, ih., Vol. 
XIII., p. 150, 1914 (Q.) ; Barnard, *6., p. 205, 1914 (N.T.) ; Roehe, ih., p. 214, 
1914 (Viet.). 
Aquila audax audax Mathews, Nov. Zool., Vol. XVIII., p. 247, 1912. 
Aquila audax carteri Mathews, ih., Graeefield, West Australia. 
Uroaeius audax audax Mathews, List Birds Austr., p. 105, 1913 ; id.. Austral Av. Rec., 
Vol. II., p. 90, 1914 ; White, Emu, Vol. XIV., p. 186, 1915 (Central). 
Uroaetus audax carteri Mathews, List Birds Austr., p. 105, 1913. 
Distribution. Australia ; Tasmania. 
Adult male. General eolour blaekish above and below, a red nuehal eollar with white 
bases, and blaek tips to the feathers ; median-eoverts and some of the upper tail- 
eoverts brown. QuiUs blaek with white bases, more notieeable on the underside ; 
rmder wing-eoverts blaek, brown on the edge of the wing ; under tail-eoverts brown. 
Bill grey, tip blaek, eere and eorner of mouth light yellow, the skin seen beneath 
the feathers round the eye very pale yellow ; eyes golden brown ; feet dirty white. 
Total length 880 mm. ; eulmen 45, wing 605, tail 395, tarsus 103. Figured. 
Colleeted at Graeefield, South-west Australia, 4th May, 1908. 
Adult female. Similar to the adult male, but larger. 
Another 'phase {Eastern). Upper-surf aee, ineluding head, back and upper wing- 
coverts strongly rufous, deeper on the nape. The head with black shaft-streaks, 
which are missing on the nuchal collar. Interscapular region brown with red tips, 
which become obsolete towards the rump. Upper tail-coverts grey on the outer 
and buff on the inner webs. Tail, primaries and secondaries black, a few of the 
innermost secondaries and innermost primaries mottled with grey. Bar on the 
upper wing-coverts rufescent, the upper series more or less brownish; throat with 
blackish brown feathers and red tips which persist on the sides of the breast. 
Abdomen blackish-brown : under tail-coverts pale rufous ; under-surface of the tail 
showing obscure bars towards the tips. Under- wing showing brown and rufous 
mixed. Collected at Alexander, Northern Territory, on the 26th of October, 1905. 
Immature. Paler, as shown by Grant and quoted below. 
Nestling. Covered with white down. 
Nest. A very bulky structure made of sticks and lined with soft bark and leaves. Outside 
measurements 5 to 8 feet across and sometimes as deep. Inside 12 to 15 inches 
across by 3 to 4 deep. 
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