THE BIEDS OF AUSTEALIA. 
white and lanceolate white markings at the tips: all the feathers are 
snbapically pale orange-buff and the bases are dark ash-grey ; the lesser 
marginal upper wing-coverts almost uniform orange-buff with small dark 
spots at the tips, outer edge of wing silky-white, primary-quills pale buff 
mottled and barred with brown, becoming white on the inner portion of the 
inner webs ; secondaries similar but somewhat paler on the outer webs; tail 
for the most part white, with the central feathers pale buff, barred and 
mottled with brown, the outermost feathers waved, particularly on the 
outer webs ; outer margin of facial disc orange-buff, the feathers more or less 
edged with blackish, particularly on the sides of the face, and the inner 
portion of the facial disc white, the feathers coarser in texture and having 
hair-like tips; eyelids chestnut-brown inclining to blackish in front of the 
eye ; hinder face and sides of neck orange-buff with white bases and dark 
pear-shaped spots to the feathers ; entire under-surface silky-white, with 
minute dark streaks to the feathers on the lower abdomen ; lower aspect of 
quills white tinged with buff barred and mottled with brown. Total length 
380 mm. ; culmen 25, wing 307, tail 122, tarsus 66. Collected at Casterton, 
Victoria, in April, 1902. 
It is necessary to indicate this form by a name : otherwise the 
alternative, which in this case is not a good one, would be the usage of the 
formula 
Tyto novcehollandicB novcBJiollandice >• castanops. 
I say not a good one; as the majority of specimens show appreciable 
differences, whether males be compared with males, females with females, 
or immature with immature birds. 
Tyto novcBJiollandice novoehollandim (Stephens). 
New South Wales. 
South Queensland. 
This, the typical form, has been well described by North, who has also 
noted the sexual plumages, and thereby given the key to the variation which 
Eothschild and Hartert talked so much about but did not understand. In 
coloration this bird is lighter than the preceding and averages smaller. 
North questions this, but all the material, as well as workers, confirm it. 
Tyto novcBJiollandice wJiitei Mathews. 
South Australia. 
South Australian birds do not agree with the preceding, and are best 
referred to by name. I have compared this form with maclcayi, the Mid- 
Queensland bird, with which Eothschild and Hartert would unite it. That is an 
impossible solution and it is a surprising one to be put forward by scientific 
students of geographical subspecies. I admit, considering Gould’s experience. 
