3 
characters is occasionally met with in Scrophularinea?,^ the inspec- 
tion of the embryo must be resorted to for a certain character. 
Cyrtandraceee and Pedalineae are more readily distinguished by 
their ovarium always unilocular, if examined before the development 
occasioned by fecundation. 
Two other very extensive orders, the Acanthacese and Verbenacese, 
occasionally come also very near to Scrophularineee, although they 
are in general sufficiently removed to have occasioned but little diffi- 
culty in their separation. Some connecting genera call, however, 
for a few observations in the case of each. 
Acanthacese (of which the Indian species and the general cha- 
racter of the order are so admirably elucidated by Nees v. Esenbeck, 
in Dr. Wallich’s PI. As. Rar. 3. 70.) are generally known by the im- 
bricate polysepalous calyx, the elastically dehiscent capsule, the retina- 
cula of the dissepiment, the want of albumen, and the peculiar habit 
derived chiefly from the inflorescence. The first of these characters is 
common to many Gratioleae the second is observable in Buchnera, 
the retinacula are wanting in some genera of Acanthaceae, and the 
inflorescence of Lindenbergia grandiflora, of Beyrichia, &c. may be 
easily compared to that of many Acanthaceae ; there remains, there- 
fore, still the minute and often microscopic character derived from the 
embryo, as the only positive one which has hitherto proved constant. 
Verbenaceae have the more decided character of a fruit which is 
indehiscent, and an ovarium divided into uniovulated cells. The 
first of these characters occurs in Thylacantha, Teedia, Leucocarpus, 
and Tozzia, the second in Melampyrum, but in neither of these cases 
are both combined. The calyx, corolla, and genitalia are the same 
in Scrophularineae and Verbenaceae. In the latter order, the seeds 
are also said to have occasionally a small quantity of albumen. 
Selagineae, closely allied to Verbenaceas, resemble Nycterinia in 
habit, but are at once distinguished, like the Verbenaceae, by their 
indehiscent fruit, with monospermous cells, besides some peculiarities 
in the structure of their anthers. 
The Lentibularieae, a small order, consisting of Pingulcula and 
Utricularia, are very closely allied to Scrophularineae, having the 
same calyx, corolla, stamina, bivalved capsule, and albuminous seeds, 
but distinguished solely by their really unilocular fruit, with a free 
central placenta, and the minuteness of their embryo. In respect of 
the former character they come very near to Limosella, Lindernia, 
and other Gratioleae, with parallel dissepiments and entire valves ; for 
in these plants the dissepiment is very thin, and usually detaches 
itself from the valves before maturity, so that being concealed by the 
* Some New Holland Veronicae are small trees, Ourisia pinnata, several Vero- 
nicae, Gerardiae, See. have pinnate loaves ; Bonnaya reptans and others have long 
pods ; and the seeds are winged in Maurandia, Lophospermum, Sec. 
t Pterostigma, Gratiola, Herpestis, Beyrichia, &c. 
