PARK AND C E M ET E R Y. 
/4 
its flowers, by children or by thoughtless 
and ignorant grownups. The brilliant hue 
it attains in the fall is responsible for its 
name. 
The huffaloherry, also, is of a striking 
appearance, with its fine silvery foliage 
and its numerous small, orange-colored, 
edible, hut rather acid, fuit. So is the 
black alder, winterberry, or deciduous 
holly, with its load of orange red berries. 
Their flowers are inconspicuous. 
Among shrubs that are handsome, both 
when in flower and in fruit, is the haw- 
thorn or thornapple, with its abundance 
of decorative fruit, which is mostly red ; 
hut a yellow fruited one is fairly common 
in this vicinity. 
The juneherry, with its snow white blos- 
soms, silvery young foliage, and edible 
fruit, blooms at the same time as some of 
our small flowering trees, like the sand- 
cherry chokecherry, black cherry, pin 
cherry and the wild plum. The wild plum 
is somewhat later. 
Two of the best shrubs, comparatively 
little known, are the black chokeben y 
and the red chokeberry. They have very 
pretty flowers and red or black berries, 
respectively. Both would be worthy of the 
name “burning bush," with regard to their 
fall coloring. 
Two summer flowering shrubs are the 
white flowering meadowsweet and the pink 
flowering hardback, the latter being par- 
ticularly desirable on account of its pink 
flowers, most of the wild shrubs blooming 
white. 
A valuable shrub for general planting is 
the prickly ash, with its graceful shiny 
leaves and its spicy-smelling decorative 
seed. It is, next to the above mentioned 
hawthorn, one of our best defensive hedge 
plants. 
The common staghorn sumac, that 
lights up our countryside as with fire in 
the fall months, is too well known to need 
description. 
Less known are the hoptree or wafer- 
ash, with big leathery leaves and curious 
bunches of seed, the false indigo with it.s 
racemes of blue flowers and finely cut 
foliage, to be found along our lake shores, 
and the button bush, with its cream white 
flower buttons and its healthy shiny leaves. 
A shrub fairly hardy here, but not native 
any closer to us than Pennsylvania, is the 
white fringe. It is so handsome that I 
will include it here, and thereby maybe 
boost its dissemination. Its foliage is 
Imoad and heavy, the whole plant closel\' 
resembling the Himalayan lilac. Its flow- 
ers resemble wbisps of finely cut pure 
white paper, and, also, its shiny dark blue 
fruit is very decorative. 
Wherever there is room for any under- 
growth in the woods, or in a neglected 
pasture, we find the hazelnut, probably 
only conspicuous in its- fall coat. The 
same is true of the witchhazel, except that 
the latter is more interesting on account 
of its flowers appearing late in the fall 
and hanging on long after the leaves have 
dropped off, and, its seed not ripening 
until the next season. 
The ninebark is a big wide-spreadin.g 
shrub with pinkish-white flowers and red- 
dish bunches of seed. It is useful for all 
kinds of plantings where it may have lots 
of space to develop. 
The western fly honeysuckle and the 
American bladdernut are two more shrubs 
that are not as plentiful in the trade as 
they deserve to be. 
The shrubs mentioned so far are most- 
ly tall growers, say from four to thirty 
feet, but the following few may be used 
where lower ones are needed : 
The snowberry, the Indian currant or 
coral berrj', the w'olf sherry, the scrubby 
cinquefoil, showing its numerous bright 
yellow flowers all summer, the wild black 
currant, and the wild gooseberry. The 
wild honeysuckle, with its small yellow 
flowers, to be found in the densest woods 
and also in open spaces, reaching a height 
of from twelve to eighteen inches only. 
Then, there is the leadplant, for hot grav- 
ely soil, and last but not least the New 
Jersey tea, which lights up whole hill- 
sides with its pale lilac-blue flowers. It 
will thrive anywhere and can stand to be 
mowed and burnt down every year with 
impunity. 
Two shrubs that are really natives of 
Europe but have escaped cultivation, and 
are to be found growing wild here, can, 
on tbe strength of that, be used in wild 
plantings ; tbe common barberry and the 
the buckthorn, both of them also making 
good hedge plants. 
A few shrubby native vines are the 
Virginia creeper, the bittersweet, with 
white flowers and a profusion of orange 
colored berries, the wild clematis or vir- 
ginsbower, the Glaucus honeysuckle, the 
catbriar, and the wild grape. 
We have here enumerated about fifty 
kinds of shrubs, a half dozen shiubby 
vines, and a half dozen small flowering 
trees, native to ours and our surrounding 
states : to be sure, a goodly number to 
select from for a small planting and 
enougb varieties for a big one, if they are 
all used. 
Now, of course, with this I do not mean 
that horticultural shrubs or natives of 
other countries should not be planted Far 
from it. They all ha\e their uses, espe- 
cially on city lawns and in city parks, bur 
what I do mean to say is that shrubs like 
hydrangea and Van Houttei spiraeas, 
planted along a woodland drive, would 
clash with their surroundings and look 
hopelessly out of place, while our native 
shrubs are appropriate anywhere and no- 
where out of place. 
Blasting for Ornamental Landscape IV ork 
There are many practical possibilities in 
ti:e use of explosives in progressive park 
and cemetery landscape gardening. We 
need not present the indispensable uses for 
dynamite. They are always as obvious as 
tbe obstacles to be overcome. In the re- 
moval of an immense boulder, the vertical 
drainage of a pond, or the straightening 
of a sizable stream, the decision for dyna- 
mite is inherent in the difficulty itself. 
Many other conditions exist in which ex- 
plosives may be efficiently employed. 
It is under the class of economical uses 
that the landscape gardener and park en- 
gineer are first offered a choice between 
explosives and the spade ; and the ten- 
dency is to let the explosive do a con- 
stantly increasing share of the work. If 
there are any stumps on the land which 
is to be laid out or beautified, they may 
be blown out and split up with dynamite 
in one operation, and at a saving of time, 
expense and outlay for equipment over 
any other method. Another saving is ac- 
complished by breaking up any large rocks 
or boulders with dynamite, instead of by 
sledge and wedge. 
The economy of dynamite is apparent in 
drainage of every character, from the 
blasting of hardpan for underground re- 
lief to the digging of ditches for surface 
drainage. In no place is the saving so 
obvious and the results so impressive as 
in blasting ditches through wet or swampy 
ground by the propagation method. There 
the actual time and labor required to com- 
plete a ditch of any dimensions is no 
more than is necessar}' to punch, load and 
tamp the requisite number of holes under 
the very easiest conditions, only the center, 
or an occasional charge being primed, the 
detonating force being communicated to 
all the others through the saturated soil. 
It is not unusual, by this method, to com- 
plete an entire ditch at a single blast. 
In dry ditcb digging, as in the removal 
of earth and rock generally, dynamite 
eliminates or assists labor that is increas- 
ingly harder to obtain and costlier to em- 
ploy. Wherever roads are built through 
parks or cemeteries dynamite makes many 
economies possible both in the construc- 
tion of the road bed and in the prepara- 
tion of material for its surface. It offers 
an excellent control of erosion by terrac- 
ing, and by vertical drainage through a 
shattered subsoil. It is a successful 
method to employ in filling in and elim- 
inating gullies by blasting down their sides. 
In fact, the land engineer can scarcely 
attempt any work, at any season, when 
the correct use of explosives is not eco- 
nomical ; and when work is undertaken ii'' 
