PARK AND CEMETERY 
and LANDSCAPE GARDENING 
ALLIED ARTS PUBLISHING COMPANY, 536 SOUTH CLARK STREET, CHICAGO 
H. C. WHITAKER, President O. H. SAMPLE, Secretary-Treasurer 
SUBSCRIPTION TERMS: United States and Possessions, Mexico and Cuba, one year, $2 00- two years, $3 50; three years. $5.00: five years, $8. 00. Canada and other countries, 
$2.50 a year. Single copies, 25 cents. Published on the fifteenth of the month. Copy for advenisemenls and reading matter should reach us by the First of the month. 
VOL. XXVII. XO. 9. 
PROGRESS 
The story of the remodeling of an 
old cemetery in Costa Rica, told on 
another page, is a striking example of 
progress in cemetery matters where 
progress would have least been ex- 
pected. In the old Central and South 
American cemeteries where many inter- 
ments have always been made in public 
catacombs above the ground, spaces 
that are rented for short periods of 
time, there has been no change or prog- 
ress in cemetery methods for centuries. 
It is therefore a thing worth recording 
that one of these cemeteries has made 
plans for the development of its 
grounds along modern lines. It took 
an earthquake to bring about the 
change, but the change has come. When 
the earthquake of 1910 came and scat- 
tered the catacomljs and their contents 
almut the grounds the managers of the 
cemetery began to think that perhaps 
some other method of interring the 
dead might be advisable. They took 
the matter up with an American land- 
scape architect who has prepared plans 
for the modern development of the 
grounds, making distinctive use of the 
luxuriant flora of the country. This is 
probably one of the farthest steps in 
cemetery progress that has been taken 
and it is to be hoped that the modern 
development of this burial ground will 
be an example to others in South Amer- 
ican countries to do likewise. 
LA.N ESCAPING THE CEMETERY 
LOT 
The art of developing the cemetery 
lot is one of the finest points in modern 
landscape architecture. Each lot must 
be developed into some semblance of a 
landscape picture to give the lot its in- 
dividuality, and give a setting to the 
monument without segregating the sin- 
gle lot too much from its surroundings. 
In other words, there must be devel- 
oped an individual picture for the lot 
that will be at the same time a part 
of the general cemetery landscape. It 
is a most difficult and exacting work 
and demands the co-operation of the 
landscape designer, the cemetery super- 
intendent and the monument designer. 
Along the main avenues of some of our 
leading cemeteries, the principal lots 
are just as carefully developed to form 
pictures as the lawn and surroundings 
= EDITORIAL = 
of a fine house. Each one has its in- 
dividual problem. In some cases it is a 
question of screening out the surround- 
ings; in others to frame in the lot and 
harmonize the monument with its en- 
vironment. Better work is being done 
each year in the development of ceme- 
tery lots and it is now generally recog- 
nized that each lot should be studied 
individually and planned individually 
just as the whole cemetery or each sec- 
tion is definitely planned. The ceme- 
tery of today and of the future will 
recognize as one of its cardinal princi- 
ples that every lot must have its indi- 
vidual plan and every monument its 
individual setting. 
FORESTRY AND CHRISTMAS 
TREES 
The New York State College of For- 
estry has been investigating the grow- 
ing, cutting and marketing of Christ- 
mas trees, especially for the supplying 
of the Christmas tree market in New 
York City and other large cities in the 
state. The college finds that between 
one and a half to two millions of dol- 
lars are expended in New York City 
and the metropolitan district alone ev- 
ery year for Christmas trees and 
Christmas greens. The most desirable 
sizes are from four to ten feet high, 
though trees up to (iO feet are sold for 
municipal and community celebrations. 
The small sizes are tied in bundles of 
from two to five trees. There are ap- 
pro.ximately 500 to tSOO bundles to a car, 
making approximately 2,000 trees 
shipped in each car. The annual cut- 
ting of thousands of evergreens in the 
Northeast for the holiday season has 
from time to time aroused the protest 
of individuals and organizations inter- 
ested in the protection of our forests. 
There is no question but that methods 
of cutting evergreen trees in the past 
have resulted in injury and even de- 
struction of excellent stands of grow- 
ing evergreens. To prevent recurrence 
of earlier injurious results from cut- 
ting of Christmas greens, the college is 
urging conservative cutting, which it 
believes will allow the taking out of 
our annual supply of Christmas trees 
without interfering with the future wel- 
fare of the forest. The cutting out of 
Christmas trees should be a part of the 
thinning out of the forest and where 
NOVEMBER, 1917. 
such is done with care the forest will 
be improved rather than injured by the 
removal of the small trees. In Euro- 
pean countries many forest plantations 
are made with the idea of thinning out 
the trees from year to year to supply 
the Christmas tree trade. Under any 
system of forest planting there are 
more trees put out than are needed in 
the final stand, the idea being to force 
the natural pruning of the lower 
branches so that the new wood will be 
laid on the main stem instead of going 
into too many branches. From time to 
time the small trees must be removed 
to allow proper development of the bet- 
ter pruned specimens and the trees so 
taken out can lie utilized very profit- 
al)ly in meeting the annual demand for 
Christmas trees. Plantations are being 
made in this country where the same 
treatment will he given and liy this sys- 
tem there should be available annually an 
ever increasing number of Christmas 
trees. 
Throughout the northeastern part of 
the Lhiifed States the most desirable 
Christmas tree is the balsam fir. Next 
to this comes the red spruce. Both of 
these trees grow abundantly and thrift- 
ily in the Adirondacks and to a limited 
extent over high elevations in other 
parts of the state. The Catskills and 
Adirondacks formerly supplied a large 
part of the trees used in New York 
City and vicinity. Now the source of 
supply is Maine, New Hampshire and 
Vermont largely, but Canada has sent 
to this country many carloads of trees. 
Timberland owners and those wishing 
to market trees for the Christmas trade 
are warned against making any cuttings 
without obtaining a definite market for 
their product. The prices obtained for 
Christmas trees fluctuate more than 
any other similar commodity on the 
market. If there is a strong demand, 
and the supply is short, the resultant 
prices will be good. 
EDITORIAL NOTES 
The stand of timber on the two great 
national forests in Alaska is estimated 
by the forest service as over seventy 
billion board feet, while the annual 
growth will, it is said, produce of pulp- 
wood alone enough for the manufac- 
ture of three thousand tons of wood 
pulp a day. 
