delphia had the second suburban cemetery 
in the United States. 
Up to 1856 there was no attempt made to 
beautify and preserve cemeteries, when 
Adolph Strauch, a noted landscape gar- 
dener and engineer, suggested the removal 
of the former antiquated garb of hedges, 
wooden fences, bars and iron chains, run- 
ning wild with all sorts of brush and un- 
derwood. Meeting with little success here 
in the East with the lotholders and owners 
of cemeteries, Adolph Strauch took up the 
work in Cincinnati, at Spring Grove Ceme- 
tery. Today it is one of the most beautiful 
in the United States. His efforts in this 
direction, however, bore fruit, and his idea 
is the plan for the now modern cemetery. 
It was not until 1887 that a handful of 
men representing some of the leading ceme- 
teries in the United States, met in Cincin- 
nati and formed what is now known as the 
Association of American Cemetery Super- 
intendents, under the leadership of the late 
Charles Nichols, of Newark, N. J., to de- 
vise ways and means to improve the ceme- 
teries throughout the United States and 
Canada. It is one of the three National 
Societies to conserve the landscape garden- 
ing and rural art of the country. Since 
that time the association has met annually 
and it has the co-operation of all the lead- 
ing cemeteries in the United States and 
Canada. 
Practically all the cemeteries of the.small 
cities of the United States are owned by 
the city government and are under the con- 
trol of the town board or council commit- 
tee. These cemeteries are in no way self- 
supporting, owing to the low price of lots 
and graves, while some towns even give 
each citizen a lot without cost, evidently 
believing that everyone is entitled to his 
four and six feet of mother earth. Is it 
From the 
All lots shall be held in pursuance of an 
act entitled “An Act Relating to Member- 
ship Corporations,” constituting Chapter 
35 of Consolidated Laws, which became a 
law February 17, 1909, and the acts amend- 
atory thereof and supplementary thereto, 
and shall not be used for any other pur- 
pose than as a place for the burial of the 
dead. 
I. Proprietors shall not permit inter- 
ments to be made in their lots for a re- 
muneration, and if there be more than one 
lot owner of a lot, no body of a dead per- 
son shall be buried therein without the 
consent of all the owners, unless such per- 
son at the time of his death was an owner 
of the lot or the wife or husband of an 
owner, or a relative of such wife or hus- 
band. 
TI. Disinterments may be made on con- 
sent of the cemetery corporation, and the 
written consent of the owner or owners of 
PARK AND CEMETERY 
to be wondered at, then, that such ceme- 
teries are neglected and become an eyesore 
in the community? 
Other cemeteries are owned by an asso- 
ciation of lot holders and are controlled by 
a board of trustees. But even these ceme- 
teries are hampered by a lack of funds, and 
very few have a perpetual care fund, which 
can be remedied by charging more for the 
lots and having a per cent of this revenue 
set aside for perpetual care. As a rule, a 
person only purchases a lot in a cemetery 
once and there is no good reason why a 
fair price should not be paid for it. 
Many cemeteries are owned by fraternal 
orders and religious organizations. Some 
cemeteries are conducted as associations 
composed of the lot owners and are not 
for profit. Many of our best modern ceme- 
teries are stock companies. 
A mistake in the location of a cemetery 
can never be remedied. In former years 
a mistake commonly made was in selecting 
a site too near the center of population, 
often requiring the removal of the dead 
after a few years to make room for the 
living. It is also quite possible to have the 
site too far away from the city, which 
means added expense to everybody in get- 
ting to it. 
Land of a gently rolling character is best. 
Such land lends itself admirably to the best 
landscape effects, with gently curved drives 
winding around the elevated sections. Flat 
land is undesirable both on account of poor 
drainage and poor landscape effects. There 
is a sameness about flat land which cannot 
be overcome by landscape work. 
Until recently most cemetery plans were 
made by civil engineers. Today such plans 
are made by landscape architects who spe- 
cially study cemetery needs. A good plan 
will show gracefully curved drives running 
Extracts from the Rules of JVood- 
lazvn Cemetery, New York City. 
the lot, and of the surviving wife, hus- 
band, children, if of full age, and parents 
of the deceased, but if the consent of any 
such person can not be obtained, or if the 
corporation refuses its consent, the con- 
sent of the Supreme Court shall be suffi- 
cient. Disinterments must be made by the 
cemetery authorities. 
III. All lot enclosures are prohibited. 
IV. No corner stones are allowed above 
the ground. 
V. An order in writing is required from 
a lot owner whenever a grave is to be 
opened. 
VI. The proprietor of a lot shall have 
the right to erect any proper stones, monu- 
ments, or sepulchral structures thereon, 
except that no slabs shall be set in any 
other than a horizontal position. All head- 
stones are required to have a solid foun- 
dation of mason work. Those exceeding 
243 
around the elevations, dividing the ceme- 
tery into sections, large or small, according 
to the topography. These sections are then 
divided into lots to meet the needs of the 
intending purchaser. 
A general planting scheme for each sec- 
tion should be carried out by the planting 
of trees and shrubs as soon as the section 
is at all improved. The trees and ever- 
greens may well be planted several years 
before a section is to be used for burials 
and the shrubbery groups should be planted 
as soon as the section is opened, while the 
details of additional planting must be 
worked out from time to time as the mon- 
u:<Tients are placed. 
The condition of the cemetery neces- 
sarily hinges upon the regulations restrict- 
ing the things which can be done by the 
lotholder. Hence the special importance of 
the right start in this respect. 
The keynote of the modern cemetery 
should be simplicity, for in simplicity lies 
beauty and economy. 
The old-time cemetery with its hetero- 
geneous mass of stone work is fast falling 
into disuse and in its place the modern 
cemeteries, which are the pride of their re- 
spective towns and cities, are coming into 
being. This is an age of progress. Man is 
continually trying to improve upon the past. 
Improvement is the order of the day. We 
know that certain events will occur and 
that needs will be presented which must be 
met either by ourselves or our families. 
The acquisition o.f a final resting place is a 
duty which everyone owes to himself and 
his family. 
Great cities are synonymous with great 
places. Rome has its Vatican, Paris its 
Louvre, London its Westminster, and 
Philadelphia its Independence Hall and 
Westminster cemetery. 
Books 
two feet in height above ground must be 
placed on a cut-stone base raised upon a 
solid foundation ; and no vault shall be 
built entirely or partly above ground with- 
out the permission of the cemetery authori- 
ties, and all monuments and parts of vaults 
above ground shall be of marble, granite 
or other cut stone. 
The proprietor of a lot shall also be 
permitted to plant and cultivate shrubs and 
plants in the same, but no trees growing 
within the lot or border shall be cut down 
or destroyed without the consent of the 
cemetery authorities. 
VII. If any trees or shrubs situated in 
any lot shall by means of their roots or 
branches become detrimental to the ad- 
jacent lots or avenues, or unsightly or in- 
convenient for passengers, it shall be the 
duty of the cemetery authorities and they 
shall have the right to enter the said lot 
and remove the said trees and shrubs or 
Cemetery Rule 
