PARK AND CEMETERY 
and LANDSCAPE GARDENING 
ALLIED ARTS PUBLISHING COMPANY, 536 SOUTH CLARK STREET, CHICAGO 
H. C. WHITAKER, President O. H. SAMPLE, Secretary-Treasurer 
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EDITORIAL 
DECEMBER, 1917. 
Yol. XXVII. NO. 10. 
MILITARY CITY BUILDING 
Not the least remarkable of the work 
of war preparations has been the devel- 
opment of the military cantonments, 
the cities for soldiers that have sprung 
up almost over night in many localities. 
Military authorities came face to face 
with the problem of developing an en- 
tire city from nothing. Probably never 
before have our city planners and city 
builders had the chance to build com- 
plete cities. It is encouraging to note 
that these military cities are being 
scientifically planned by landscape 
architects and city planners. A number 
of leading landscape architects have 
been retained by the government to act 
in their professional capacity in plan- 
ning of these military cities along mod- 
ern lines of city building. The prepara- 
tions of housing accommodations for 
forty or fifty thousand people within a 
few months is a wonderful work and 
it is to the credit of our landscape 
architects and city builders that this 
work has been efficiently accomplished. 
The lesson of quick city planning and 
building is one of the biggest lessons 
that our war preparation has taught us. 
EXCLUDING UNDESIRABLES 
One of the most difficult problems 
that a cemetery has to meet is that of 
excluding certain classes of people 
wdiich the better cemetries would not 
care to have patronizing their grounds. 
A cemetery superintendent in the far 
West writes that certain classes of 
Chinese, Japanese, Indians and negroes 
ought to be isolated from the whites 
in the cemtery and asks the experience 
of others as to how they can best be 
handled. 
The legal problem of excluding cer- 
tain undesirable classes from the ceme- 
tery is a very delicate question and 
must be viewed in every case in the 
light of the local laws and of the state 
laws. It is a question for careful con- 
sideration as to whether such classes 
may be excluded by raising of prices 
in the individual case or by making 
definite rules forbidding them from us- 
ing the grounds. As to which of these 
methods is adopted depends largely 
upon the state laws. In Illinois the law 
expressly forbids discrimination in 
prices to be charged for lots in ceme- 
teries on account of race or color, but 
there is nothing in the law or in the 
state or federal constitution to require 
a cemetery corporation which has no 
power to condemn land for cemetery 
purposes and which has no monopoly 
of the burial places in the particular vi- 
cinity, to sell a lot to a colored person 
unless it is so desired. In the matter 
of excluding persons from working on 
the grounds, another delicate problem 
arises. It is well established by legal 
authorities that cemeteries may adopt 
rules for the control of such matters as 
the construction of foundations, trim- 
ming of grass, planting of flowers, etc., 
and these rules are binding upon all 
persons who become lot holders, but 
cemeteries must exercise good faith in 
the administration of such regulations. 
While they are entitled to act for the 
best interests of the lot holders as a 
whole, they cannot adopt arbitrary 
measures which unjustly interfere with 
the lot owner’s reasonable enjoyment 
of his rights. These are questions 
which do not come up every day, but 
when they do arise are of a very seri- 
ous nature and should always be han- 
dled with the best legal advice attain- 
able. 
EXHUMING BODIES. 
Numerous court decisions attest the 
reluctance with which courts will permit 
exhumation of remains from a grave 
over the objections of decedent's next 
of kin or close friends. Ordinarily, 
there must be- a clear showing of reason 
for disturbing the grave in such case. 
The courts particularly disfavor disin- 
terments for the purpose of enabling in- 
surance companies to make autopsies as 
a basis for defending against liability 
on life insurance policies where oppor- 
tunities for such autopsies were neglect- 
ed before burial. 
One of the decisions on this subject 
holds that provision in a life policy to 
the effect that the insurer's medical ad- 
viser shall be permitted to examine in- 
sured’s body, in respect to any alleged 
injury or cause of death, “when and as 
often as may be required,” and that in 
case of post mortem examination by or 
on the part of the insured’s representa- 
tives, the insurer shall be given oppor- 
tunity to attend and participate, merely 
authorizes inspection of the body while 
it remains uninterred, and does not en- 
title the insurer to have the body ex- 
humed. (31 N. Y. S. 865.) 
EDITORIAL NOTES. 
The New York State College of For- 
estry has issued some advice on the de- 
struction of insect pests to the farmer 
and woodlot owner. The webs of the 
tent caterpillar are common in nearly all 
parts of New York during May. One 
of the very best ways of combatting this 
insect is by collecting and destroying 
the egg masses during the winter or 
early spring. These eggs are laid on the 
smaller twigs of wild cherries and va- 
rious other trees in the form of a con- 
tinuous band encircling the twig. The 
twigs should he clipped off and burned 
and if this is done thoroughly no trou- 
ble from tent caterpillars will occur the 
following summer. The caterpillar of 
this moth is of a general gray color with 
its back ornamented with a series of 
four tufts of white hair. The head is 
bright red in color and has two pencils 
of black hair extending forward while 
a single similar pencil extends back 
from the end of the body. The very 
best way of fighting this voracious leaf 
eater is bj- collecting and destroying the 
egg masses during the winter or spring. 
The hickory bark beetle kills many 
thousands of trees. Trees killed by it 
may be recognized by the very striking 
burrows made by the insects under the 
bark. These consist of a single gallery 
extending with the grain of the bark 
from which on each side extend numer- 
ous straight or slightly curved galleries 
2 to 3 inches long. This is a very seri- 
ous pest and a tree once attacked can 
seldom, if ever, be saved. Trees dying 
or recently killed should be cut and 
burned before May 1. The College of 
Forestry recommends that woodlot 
owners make it a part of the year's 
routine work of the farm to remove all 
sickly, dying, broken and dead trees. 
This can be done during the winter and 
early spring months when other farm 
work is most slack. The egg masses, 
which are white and conspicuous, may 
be seen readily at the present time on 
the bark of elms particularly, and these 
may be collected and destroyed or 
daubed with creosote so that they will 
not hatch. Local shade tree or park 
commissions take the matter of destroy- 
ing the egg masses in hand at once and 
push it vigorously. 
