6 
THE MODERN CEMETERY. 
PEPPERIOGE TREE, GRACELAND CEMETERY, CHICAGO. 
Photographed when the branches were sparkling with ice. 
Cemetery Planting. — II. 
As may easily be seen and remembered, plan in- 
variably precedes plan-t. When the planter has 
decided to which one of Nature’s notes his compo- 
sition is to be keyed, it goes without saying that the 
key must not be lost if harmony is to prevail. The 
artist will find certain harmonious transitions pos- 
sible without losing the key, and will be able to 
work out permissible diversity without disturbing 
the unity of the scheme as a whole. 
But this unity must be preserved. Everything 
must be in character and the spirit of the place 
should never lose the restfulness that is in keeping 
with its purpose. 
The feeling awakened in cemetery visitors will 
be more often one of peace, rather than of bitter- 
ness and repining, as the subtle influence of scenery 
harmoniously composed on naturalistic principles is 
substituted for dreary wastes of stones — an influence 
that is more or less felt by all, though undefinable, 
in fact often scarcely understood, but strong and 
far reaching as silent influence always is. 
After deciding where to plant comes the question 
of what to plant, reversing the hap-hazard way in 
which so-called decorative planting is usually done. 
When the plantations and the groups necessary to the 
plan come to be considered in detail, the end in 
view, aside from the subordination of its parts to 
the large general effect, will include planting for a 
succession of good effects throughout the seasons. 
Necessarily this means that some parts will be espec- 
ially attractive at one time and other parts at other 
times; but it should also mean no barren, ragged or 
noticably unattractive spots at any time, not except- 
ing winter. By selection provision can be made for 
good premeditated winter effects to help out those 
that Nature, with her large hearted generosity, sup- 
plies gratuitously. 
She makes everywhere a lovely fret work of in- 
terlacing twigs and branches against the back- 
ground of snow or sky, to replace the green canopy 
of Summer verdure and the brilliant one of Autumn 
colors. And as a cemetery is not one of Nature’s 
“measureless domains,” but a place that is under 
the care and control of man, (a care and control 
that should be patent but not obtrusive), the style 
of fret work may legitimately be — what you will. 
As, for instance here, the picturesque outlines pro- 
duced by the fantastic branches and corky bark of 
the Sweet Gum, (Liquidamber) or the Sour Gum, 
also called Tupelo and Pepperidge tree; there, the 
clean cut silhouette of any of the Magnolia family, 
while somewhere else the stately Elm may stand 
unabashed, though shorn of its garment, in all the 
pride of a magnificently sculptured figure. 
Again it may be a group of Conifers, or a single 
specimen of some choice variety as the Blue Mount 
Atfas Cedar (Cedrus Atlantica), or of that most 
charmingly graceful Conifer — the Hemlock. 
Of hips, haws and other decorative fruits there 
are many to aid in the winter pictures. Excellent 
effects are gained by the use of shrubs with bright 
colored bark — bark of such exquisite texture that it 
deserves far more attention at close range than it 
often gets, and were it not so effective in masses, 
after the leaves have fallen, would be even more 
neglected. 
By judicious planting, groups may in some cases 
be made to produce more than one especially good 
effect each year. Of course this is a simple matter 
with those sorts which show flowers in spring or 
summer followed by ornamental fruits in fall or win- 
ter; or those varieties that wear gay autumn colors 
after giving character to a copse by their form and 
foliage, as for instance, the common sumach. And 
the effect at both seasons is improved by using the 
comparatively low-growing cut leaved sumach in 
conjunction with the taller, better known kind. 
But it will sometimes be possible, (though probably 
not often,) to group shrubs together that, while 
harmonious in foliage, will give two seasons of, 
bloom. 
The only example of this desirable plan, prom- 
ising good results, that comes to mind is the inter- 
