THE MODERN CEMETERY. 
51 
Ancient Monuments. — Artemisia and the Mausoleum. 
The illustrations we 
give of the ancient sta- 
tue of Artemisia and of 
the Mausoleum she erec- 
ted to the memory of 
her husband, Mausolus, 
make an interesting com- 
bination. 
Considerable mythol- 
ogical history attaches 
itself to Artemisia, but 
like many of the women 
whose fame has been re- 
corded in classic lore, 
or by the aid of Art, 
she seems to have won 
renown both in war and 
peace. Her hushond, 
Mausolus, was king of 
Caria, who, in carrying 
through a warlike reign, 
changed his capital from 
Mylasa, the ancient seat 
of his kingdom to the 
city of Halicarnassus, 
WIFE OF MAUSOLUS. the birth place of Hero- 
dotus, where he died in 
353 B. C. He was succeeded by his widow, Arte- 
misia, by the way, she was also his sister, who im- 
mortalized both herself and husband by the con- 
struction of a magnificent tomb, one of the seven 
wonders of the world, to honor and 
perpetuate his memory. 
The illustration of the statue 
shows a queenly woman, with the 
marked characteristics of form and 
feature generally credited to the rul- 
ing woman of classic times, and 
with that repose and grace in the 
modeling of the statue, for which 
the great sculptors of Greece are so 
justly celebrated. 
The picture of the Mausoleum 
gives the presumptive restoration, 
and from the ruins sufficient has 
been recovered by the excavations 
made by Mr. C. E. Newton in 1867 
to enable a fairly complete under- 
standing of the grand structure to be 
attained. The building appears to 
have consisted of five parts, a base- 
ment or podium, an enclosure of 
columns, a pyramid and pedestal, 
and the chariot group, or quadriga. 
An estimate of the basement gives 
51 feet of height and an area of 1 14 by 92 feet. 
This was constructed of blocks of greenstone cased 
with marble, the monotony of the plain course be- 
ing possibly broken by belts of frieze, suggest the 
investigators. The columnar enclosure, 37^ feet 
high, Pliny says consisted of 36 Ionic columns, en- 
closing a square space, the walls of which were re- 
lieved by friezes. Some portions of the principal 
freize of this enclosure represent combats of Greeks 
and Amazons. Mr. Newton, in describing these, 
says there is a “skillful opposition of nude and dra- 
ped male and female forms, but the groups and fig- 
ures are much less intermixed than in the Parthe- 
non and Phigalian friezes. The whole surface was 
colored, the ground of the relief being ultramarine, 
and the flesh a dim red, while the drapery and ar- 
mor were picked out with various hues.” Some 
other fragments of friezes have also been found, 
but their position on the monument has not been 
exactly determined. One represents a chariot race 
and another a centaur fight. 
A pyramid rose above this columnar enclosure, 
which has been estimated to be 108 feet long by 86 
feet wide at the base; 24 steps carried one up to an 
apex or pedestal of perhaps 15 feet 6 inches long 
by 20 feet broad. Upon this pedestal stood the 
quadriga, or chariot containing a statue of Mauso- 
lus himself, with an attendant charioteer, — some 
deity. According to all accounts the Mausoleum 
deservedly ranks as one of the seven wonders of the 
world. The statue of Mausolus is now in the Bri- 
tish Museum. 
TOMB OF MAUSOLUS. 
