THE MODERN CEMETERY. 
113 
say shore), until the water was baled out, and the 
first part of the service read. Before many words 
were spoken there was a commotion on the out- 
skirts of the company, which became a regular stam- 
pede when police officers were seen approaching 
The colored people, minister, mourners and all, fled 
in every direction, taking refuge in and behind 
tombs, forsaking the coffin where it stood, and not 
reappearing until a man, who was inclined to make 
a good fight for freedom, was overpowered and 
taken away — but not before the frightened yet 
plucky southern girl had insisted on the officers tel- 
ling why they invaded the sacred precincts at such 
a time and for such a purpose. She learned that 
the man had committed a crime, and thinking to 
escape detection, had assumed the guise of a 
mourner in the first funeral he came across; an op- 
portunity he knew he would not have to go far to find. 
But there are compensations for all things. 
Funeral notices in French and English are tacked 
to corner trees and posts throughout the city. On 
reading one of them one day, the writer commented 
to a resident on the high death rate. The charac- 
teristic answer was: “Yes, but the people here do 
enjoy funerals so much.” 
Fanny Copley Seavey. 
Rubble and Concrete Foundations. 
For any class of ordinary massive work in foun- 
dations composed of rubble stone, work laid in even 
courses and filled with concrete, making practically 
a solid concrete block foundation, is about the best 
that can be employed. 
The excavation should be made to a depth one 
foot greater than any adjoining excavation, and of 
sufficient area to distribute the load, so that a pres- 
sure not exceeding 2,000 to 3,000 pounds per square 
foot shall be imposed. The nature of the soil and 
form of the superstructure will modify and govern 
the case. Care should be taken that the bottom of 
the excavation should be shaved to a level even 
grade with no loose material therein. 
A light course of crushed stone should be even- 
ly spread over the bottom and all the interstices 
thereof washed full of sharp sand and other fine 
material. On this footing, stone should be laid in 
even courses, making tight outer joints. In this 
class of work interior joints had better be open 
rather than too close. Into the space thus enclos- 
ed a good amount of stiff concrete mortar should 
be put and upon this a light course of broken stone 
may be thrown which should be well rammed into 
the mortar. 
The spall filling for this purpose should be clean 
and in size should not exceed one-third the space 
they are to occupy. They should be drenched to 
saturation before being placed and incorporated 
with the mortar. A more solid job is secured by 
ramming the stone into the mortar than by mixing 
them first and then endeavoring to dispose of the 
mass among the interstices of the stone work. In 
no case should the stone be put in any work first 
and the mortar thrown upon them, for a thorough- 
ly solid and compacted mass can never be thus ob- 
tained. Grouting, a practice sometimes employed 
to that end, is a practice that should very seldom 
be employed, for in grouting the sand and cement 
separate and setting does not properly take place; 
when it does, if ever, a frail stratum of sand will be 
found in each succeeding batch of grout which will 
destroy the strength of the whole. The object 
sought in concrete work is to obtain a compact co- 
hesive mass, that can only be secured where the 
adhesive base, the cement and lime, are thorough- 
ly incorporated with every part of the mass. 
Where extreme solidity and a quick setting job 
is not essential, the work may be cheapened by 
well slacking good lime for working in double the 
amount of clean sand. Again, let the mass lay for 
several days, and when ready for use spread out so 
much as is required at a time for use, and quickly 
and evenly spread over it one-fourth to one-third 
part of cement, taking pains to promptly and thor- 
oughly work and incorporate the materials for im- 
mediate use. 
The work can be carried up one course at a' 
time, taking pains of course to make any stone used 
overlap underlying joints so as to make a well 
bonded job. 
The strength of masonry depends very much on 
the mortar and how it is applied. Adhesion in 
mortar is the object sought. This can be had only 
by selecting clean material and a thorough drench- 
ing of both the sand, spalls, and stone employed in 
the work. Whatever the material at hand is, noth- 
ing is so essential as a little thought and care di- 
rected by good judgment. I. C. W. 
The mausoleum for C. P. Huntington, president 
of the Southern Pacific R. R., in Woodlawn Ceme- 
tery, New York, which has been under construction 
for the past five years is nearing completion. With 
the possible exception of the Vanderbilt mausoleum 
on Staten Island, it is the most expensive piece of 
work of the kind in this country. The structure 
stands on the crest of Chapel Hill and occupies a 
commanding view of the surrounding country. The 
approach from the roadway up to the mausoleum is 
covered by a massive granite stairway, the main 
platform consist! ng of a single stone weighing 40 tons. 
The mausoleum has the appearance of a Romam 
temple; its principal dimensions are, length 42 feet, 
width 28 feet, height 24 feet. It contains 16 cata- 
combs. The exterior is of Quincy granite, and the 
interior is finished in Italian marble. The cost is 
said to approximate $250,000. 
