A NOTE ON INDIAN WHEAT-RUSTS 
III 
At Sirsa, March 6th, no rust on wheat j only one plant of Launea 
nudicaulis for which no name was obtained. “ Rust ” is here, the 
cultivators say, known only as khungi. 
At Feroze pur, March 6th, rust "-^here known as khungi-^yiSi^ 
very common in patches. Though less universal than at Mozufferpur, it 
was much more severe in its effects. In appearance it much resembled 
the supposed ruhigo-vera of Bengal and Behar; here, 
however, teleutosporic fructifications were plentiful, hardly a diseased 
plant being without some. The principal distinction between this 
“ rust at Ferozepur as compared with the rust met with at Shibpur, 
lay in the greater frequency with which the outside of the culms 
and of the leaf sheaths were here affected by uredospotic pustules. 
The teleutospores here, unlike the teleutospores on the Launea — from 
which they were subsequently found to differ extremely in size and 
ahape— were covered by unbroken epidermis. Launea nudicaulis 
was not uncommon ; Z. aspltnijolia was, in patches, plentiful. Both 
species were known as pattaly and the cultivators do not appear 
to distinguish between them ; neither species was found to be 
diseased. 
At Lahore, March yth, early sown wheat was without ** rust later 
sown had a good deal of the suipi^osed Pucctnia rubigo-vera but without 
teleutospores apparently ; rust is here khungi. Both the species 
of Launea were found ; patial is a name here used only for Launea 
nudicaulis ; Launea aspleni folia is termed either pattal botioxdodak 
— the last name has reference to its milky latex ; the plant usually 
known as dodak is, however, the “Sow-thistle*' (Sonchus arvensis), 
Launea nudicaulis was quite healthy ; Launea asplentfalta was 
apparently healthy, but a number of plants were found with nodules 
developed in the axils of scales towards the top of the rootstock • 
these nodules were found to be filled with a mycelium. 
At Gujranwala, March 8th, “ rust'* was plentiful, sometimes as at 
Ferozepur with teleutospores on nearly every affected plant; in these 
cases the uredospores were almost as plentiful on stems and outside 
of leaf-sheaths as on the leaves. In other fields, just as at Shibpur aird 
at Mozufferpur, the uredospores appeared to be confined to the upper 
surface of the leaves and teleutospores were then absent. The only 
Launea present was Launea nudicaulis, sometimes called some, 
times pattaL On its being pointed out that it has not milky juice, 
an informant insisted still that it was one of the dodaks \ it is therefore 
possible that Launea asplenlfoha may occur but was overlooked. 
This is not, how^ever, certain ; here not only the Sowr-thistle, but 
also all the spurges are termed dodak. 
