7 
Knowltonia, Salisb. 
Anamenia, Vent. 
Adonis, L. 
Hamadryas, Comm, ' 
§ 3. Ranuncule^EjDC. 
Myosurus, L. 
Casalea, A. St. H. 
Aphanostemma, ASH, 
Ranunculus, L. 
Ceratocephalus, M. 
Batrachium, Presl. 
Krapfia, DC. 
Hecatonia, Lour. 
Ficaria, Dill. 
Call ianth emu m, Mey. 
■ 4. Hellebore.®, DC. 
Platystemon, Benth. 
Caltha, L. 
Trollius, L. 
Gaissenia, Rafin. 
Eranthis, Salisb. 
Koellea, Bir. 
Robertia, Merat. 
Helleborus, L. 
Chrysocoptis, Nutt. 
Pterophyllum, Nutt. 
Coptis, Salisb. 
Chrysa, Rafin. 
Isopyrum, L. 
Olfa, Adans. 
Enemion, Rafin. 
Garidella, L. 
Nigella, L. 
Nigellastrum, Mnch 
Aquilegia, L. 
Delphinium, L. 
Aconitum, L. 
§ 5. PiEONiEAi:, DC. 
Actoea, L. 
Botrophis, Raf. 
Macrotis, Raf. 
Actinospora, Turcz. 
Trautvetteria, F. & M, 
Cimicifuga, L, 
, Xanthovrhiza, Marsh. 
Pseonia, L. 
From these is by some distinguished the following 
Sub-Order. PODOPHYLLE^E. The May Apple Tribe. 
PoDOPHYLLACE^, § Podophyllcae, DC. Syst. 2. 32. (1821); Prodr. 1. 111. (1824); Von 
Martins H. Reg. Monac. (1829) ; a sect, of Papaveracece. — Podophylle^, Mart. 
Conspect. No. 111. (1835). 
Essential Character. — Sepals 3 or 4, deciduous or persistent. Petals in two or three 
rows, each of which is equal in number to the sepals. Stamens hypogynous, 12-18, ar- 
ranged in two, three, or more rows ; filaments filiform ; anthers linear or oval, terminal, 
turned inwards, bursting by a double longitudinal line. Torus not enlarged. Ovary 
solitary ; stigma thick, nearly sessile, somewhat peltate. Fruit succulent or capsular, 
1 -celled. -Seeds indefinite, attached to a lateral placenta, sometimes having an aril; em- 
bryo small, at the base of fleshy albumen. — Herbaceous plants. Leaves broad, lobed. Flowers 
radical, solitary, white. 
These seem to differ in no solid character from Ranunculaceaa, and are 
perhaps best considered a transition group to Papaveracese with which Von 
Martins formerly associated them. They are nearly allied to the herbaceous 
genera of Berberacese, from which they scarcely differ, except in the dehiscence 
of their anthers. From Papaveracese they are known by their watery, not milky 
juice, by their solitary unilateral placentse, and by their fleshy, not oily, albumen 
Geography. All inhabitants of the marshes of North America. 
Properties. The root of the May Apple, Podophyllum peltatum, is one of 
the most safe and active cathartics that is known. Barton, 2. 14. Jefferso- 
nia is also purgative. JDC. These properties appear to be in both cases 
owing to the presence of irritating qualities like those of Ranunculacese pro- 
per, only in a milder form. 
GENERA. 
Podophyllum, L. Jeffersonia, Bart. 
Order II. PAPAVERACE.^. The Poppy Tribe. 
Papaveracea;, Juss. Gen. 236. (1789) in part ; DC. Syst. 2. 67. (1818) ; Prodr. 1. 117. 
(1824) ; Lindl. Synops. 16. (1829) ; Bernhardi in Linnaea. 8. 401. (1833). 
Essential Character. — Sepals 2, deciduous. Petals hypogynous, either 4, or some 
multiple of that number, placed in a cruciate manner. Stamens hypogynous, either 8, or 
some multiple of 4, generally very numerous, often in 4 parcels, one of which adheres to the 
base of each petal ; anthers 2-celled, innate. Ovary solitary ; style short, or none ; stigmas 
alternate with the placentae, 2 or many ; in the latter case stellate upon the flat apex of the 
ovary. Fruit 1 -celled, either pod-shaped, with 2 parietal placentae, or capsular, with several 
placentae. Seeds numerous; albumen between fleshy and oily; embryo minute, straight, at 
the base of the albumen, with plano-convex cotyledons. — Herbaceous plants or shrubs, with a 
