10 
i 
1 
mens are in two parcels, the anthers of which are a little higher than the 
stigma ; the two middle ones of these anthers are turned outwards, and do 
not appear to be capable of communicating their pollen to the stigma ; the four 
lateral ones are also naturally turned outwards, hut by a twist of their filament 
their face is presented to the stigma. They are all held firmly together by 
the cohesion of the tips of the flower, which, never unclosing, offer no appa- 
rent means of the pollen being disturbed, so as to shed upon the stigmatic sur- 
face. To remedy this inconvenience, the stigma is furnished with two blunt 
horns, one of which is inserted between and under the cells of the anthers of 
each parcel, so that without any alteration of position on the part of either 
organ, the mere contraction of the valves of the anthers is sufficient to shed 
the pollen upon that spot where it is required to perforin the office of fecunda- 
tion. The arguments of Bernhardi for the combination of Papaveracese and 
Fumarieae are remarkably unsatisfactory, and certainly have produced no im- 
pression upon my mind. But the seeds, and very often the fruit, of these plants 
are so much the same, and the genus Hypecoum, is so exactly intermediate 
between the two, that I think it is more advisable on the whole to consider 
Fumariese a reduced and irregular form of Papaveracese than a distinct natural 
order. If, however, it should be thought better to retain them separate, it 
will be requisite that the characters of Fumarieee should be so far enlarged as 
to comprehend Hypecoum. 
Fumarieee offer every gradation, from monospermous to polyspennous fruit, 
and between indehiscence, as in Fumaria itself, and dehiscence, as in Corydalis. 
Geography. Their principal range is in the temperate latitudes of the 
northern hemisphere, where they inhabit thickets and waste places. Two are 
found at the Cape of Good Hope. 
Properties. The character of Fumarieae is, to be scentless, a little bitter, 
in no degree milky, and to act as diaphoretics and aperients. D C. The root 
of Fumaria cava and Corydalis tuberosa has been found to contain a peculiar 
alkali called Corydalin. Turner, 653. 
Hypecoum, L. Cucullaria, Rafin. 
Chiazospermum, Brnh.Adlumia, Rafin. 
Dielytra, Rorkh. Cysticapnos, Boerh. 
Dicentra, Borkh. Corydalis, Vent. 
Capnorchis, Borkh. Neckeria, Scop. 
Eucapnos, Bernh. 
Bulbocapnos, Bernh. 
Dactylicapnos, Wall. 
Macrocapnos, Royle ( 1 ) 
Platycapnos, Bernh. 
GENERA. 
Phacocapnos, Bnh. 
Sarcocapnos, DC. 
Discocapnos, Cham. 
Fumaria, L. 
Order III. NYMPH^ACE^. The Water Lily Tribe. 
NYMPHiEACEiE, SuUshury, Ann. Bot. 2. p. 69. (1805); DC. Propr. Med. ed. 2, p. 119. 
(1816); Syst. 2. 39. (1821) ; Prodr. 1. 113. (1824) ; Lindl. Synops. 15. (1829). 
Essential Character. — Sepals and petals numerous, imbricated, passing gradually 
into each other, the former persistent, the latter inserted upon the disk which surrounds 
the pistil. Stamens numerous, inserted above the petals into the disk, sometimes forming, 
with the combined petals, a superior monopetalous corolla; filaments petaloid; anthers 
adnate, bursting inwards by a double longitudinal cleft. Disk large, fleshy, surrounding 
the ovary more or less. Ovary polyspermous, many-celled, with the stigmas radiating 
from a common centre upon a sort of flat urceolate cap. Fruit many celled, indehiscent. 
Seeds very nnmerous, attached to spongy dissepiments, and enveloped in a gelatinous aril. 
Albumen farinaceous. Embryo small, on the outside of the base of the albumen, enclosed 
in a membranous bag ; cotyledons foliaceous. — Herbs, with peltate or cordate fleshy leaves, 
avising from a prostrate trunk, growing in quiet waters. 
Affinities. There exists a great diversity of opinion among botanists 
