18 
Order IX. ANONACE.E. 
Anon.®, Juss. Gen. 283. (1789.) — Anonace.®, Rich. Anal. Fr. 17. (1808) ; Dunal 
Monogr. (1817); DC.Syst. 1.462. (1818); Prodr. 1. 83. (1824); Bl. FI. Jav.; 
Alph. De Cand. in Mem. Phys. Genev. (1832.) — Glyptosperm^e, Vent. Tabl. 3. 75. 
(1799.) 
Essential Character. — Sepals 3-4, persistent, usually partially cohering. Petals 6, 
hypogynous, in two rows, coriaceous, with a valvular aestivation, sometimes united in a 
monopetalous corolla. Stamens indefinite or definite, covering a large hypogynous torus, 
packed closely together, very rarely definite. Filaments short, more or less angular. An- 
thers adnate, turned outwards, with an enlarged 4-cornered connective, which is sometimes 
nectariferous. Ovaries usually numerous, closely packed, separate or cohering, occasionally 
definite; Styles short; stigmas simple ; ovules solitary, or a small number, erect or ascend- 
ing. Fruit consisting of a number of carpels, which are either succulent or dry, sessile or 
stalked, i-or many seeded, distinct or concrete into a fleshy mass. Seeds attached to the 
suture in one or two rows, sometimes furnished with an aril ; testa brittle ; embryo minute, 
in the base of hard, fleshy, ruminate albumen. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, simple, 
almost always entire, without stipules. Flowers usually green or brown, axillary, solitary, 
or 2 or 3 together, shorter than the leaves ; the peduncles of abortive flowers sometimes 
indurated, enlarged, and hooked. 
Anomalies. Monodora has a solitary carpel. In Hyalostemma the flowers are dioe- 
cious, apetalous, with an involucre. In Anona palustris the ovaries are not distinct. Rol- 
linia, &c. have the petals united. Stamens and carpels definite in Bocagea. Flowers pen- 
tamerous in Hentschelia. Ovaries inferior in Eupomatia. 
Affinities. No doubt can be entertained of the close affinity of this 
order to Magnoliacese, from which, however, it differs in the want of stipules, 
in the fonn of the anthers, and in the peculiar condition of the ovary : agree- 
ing^ in the ternary division of the parts of fmctification, and the indefinite 
stamens and ovaries. An affinity has been pointed out between them and 
Menispennacese ; but it appears to me to be very weak. The great feature of 
the order is its ruminated albumen, to which there is no exception, and scarcely 
any parallel. The parietal insertion of ovules, ascribed to this order by De 
Candolle, is not universal. Tlie ovules are erect in Anona, Guatteria, and 
Anaxagorea. A. St. H. in PI. Usu. 33. A remarkable plant is described by 
Brown, in the Appendix to Flinders’s Voyage, under the name of Eupomatia 
laurina, in which the stamens are manifestly perigynous, and the tube of the 
calyx coherent with the ovaries. I have remarked in Anona laurifolia that the 
poUen is arranged in two distinct rows in each cell of the anther, and that 
when that organ bursts, the grains of pollen faU out, cohering in a single row, 
so as to have the appearance of a necklace. Supposing Winteraceae not to be 
stipulate, as St. Hilaire asserts, this order will be more nearly related to them 
than to Magnoliacese. Connected with Berberacese through Bocagea. I also 
think there can be no doubt of the close alliance of this order to Myidsticaceae 
(see that order); as has already been indicated by Blume fFl. Jav.) who, 
however, does not attach so much importance to the resemblances as I do. 
Geography. The tropics of the old and new world are the natural land 
of these plants : thence they spread, in a few instances, to the northward and 
the southward. 
Properties. The general character is, to have a powerful aromatic taste 
and smell in all the parts. The bark of Uvaria tripetaloidea yields, being 
tapped, a viscid matter, which hardens in the form of a fragrant gum. PC. 
The flowers of many species, especially of Artabotrys odoratissima and 
Guatteria virgata, are exceedingly fragrant. The dry fruits of many species 
are very aromatic ; those of Habzelia aromatica are the Piper sethiopicum of 
the shops, and are commonly used as pepper by the African negroes. FI. 
Seneg. 1.9. The leaves of Anona squamosa have a heavy disagreeable odour. 
