84 
Geography. Timber-trees found in India from to 31^°, N. Lat. 
Royle. 
Properties. Unknown. 
GENUS. 
Millingtonia, Roxb. 
Order LXII. .^SCULACEt^. The Horse-Chestnut Tribe. 
Hippocastane^, DC. Thtorie, ed. 2. 244. (1819) ; Prodr. 1. 597. (1824). — 
CASTANEACEiE, Link Enum. 1. 354. (1821). 
Essential Character. — Calyx campanulate, 5-lobed. Petals 5, or 4 by the abortion 
of one of them, unequal, hypogynous. Stamens 7-8 distinct, unequal, inserted upon a 
hypogynous disk; anthers somewhat incumbent. Omry roundish, 3 -cornered, 3 -celled ; 
style 1, filiform, conical, acute; ovules 2 in each cell. Fi'uit coriaceous, 1- 2- or 3-valved, 
1- 2- or 3-celled, 1- 2- or 3 -seeded. Seeds large, roundish, with a smooth shining coat, 
and a broad pale hilum ; albumen none ; embryo curved, inverted, with fleshy, very thick, 
gibbous, cohering cotyledons, germinating under ground; plumule unusu^ly large, 2- 
leaved ; radicle conical, curved, turned towards the hilum. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves oppo- 
site, without stipules, compound, quinate or septenate. Racemes terminal, somewhat 
panicled ; the pedicels with an articulation. 
Affinities. The want of symmetry in the parts of the flower, and their 
compound leaves, approximate jEsculaceae to Sapindacese ; the same charac- 
ter brings them near Aceracese, from both which they are distinguished by the 
structure of their fruit and seeds. They also approach Rhizobolacese, as is 
stated in speaking of that order. 
Geography. The north of India and North America contain the few spe- 
cies that belong to this order. 
Properties. Handsome trees or small bushes, chiefly remarkable for 
their large seeds, with an extensive hilum. These seeds contain a great quan- 
tity of starch, which renders them nutritive for man and many other animals. 
They also contain a sufficient proportion of potash to be useful as cosmetics, 
or as a substitute for soap ; they are bitter, and have been employed as a 
sternutatory. The bark of the common Horse Chestnut is bitter, astringent, 
and febrifugal. 
GENERA. 
iEsculus, L. Macrothyrsus, Spach. 
Pavia, Boerh. Calothyrsus, Spach. 
Order LXIII. POLYGALACE^E. The Milkwort Tribe. 
PoLYGALEiE, Juss. Ann. Mus. 14. 386. (1809) ; R. Brown in Flinders (1814) ; Juss. Mem,. 
Mus. 1. 385. (1815) ; DC. Prodr. 1. 321. (1824) ; Lindl. Synops. 39. (1829) ; Aug. 
de St. Hilaire and Moquin-Tandon Mtm. Mus. 17. 313. (1829). 
Essential Character. — Sepals 5, very irregular, distinct, often glumaceous ; 3 exte- 
rior, of which 1 is superior and 2 anterior; 2 interior {the wings) usually petaloid, and 
alternate with the upper and lower ones. Petals hypogynous, usually 3, of which 1 is 
anterior and larger than the rest {the keel), and 2 alternate with the upper outer, and lateral 
inner sepals, and often connate with the keel ; sometimes 5, and then the 2 additional 
ones minute and between the wings and the lower sepals. Keel sometimes entire, and then 
