: Ohdeb LXXX. AUltANTIACE^E. Tub Orange Tribk. 
AuRANTiACEiE, CoH'. Anil. Mus. 6. 376. (1805) ; Mirb. Bull. Philom, 379. (1813) ; DC. 
Prodr. 1. 536. (1824). 
Essential Character. — Calyx urceolate or campanulate, somewhat adhering to the 
disk, short, 3- or 5-toothed, withering. Petals 3 to 5, broad at the base, sometimes dis- 
tinct, sometimes slightly combined, inserted upon the outside of a hypogynous disk, 
slightly imbricated at the edges. Stamens equal in number to the petals, or twice as many, 
or some multiple of their number, inserted upon a hypogynous disk ; filaments flattened at 
the base, sometimes distinct, sometimes combined in one or several parcels ; anthers termi- 
nal, innate. Ovary many-celled ; style 1, taper; stigma slightly divided, thickish. Fruit 
pulpy, many-celled, with a leathery rind replete with receptacles of volatile oil, and some- 
times separable from the cells ; cells often filled with pulp. Seeds attached to the axis, 
sometimes numerous, sometimes solitary, usually pendulous, occasionally containing more 
embryos than one; raphe and chalaza usually very distinctly marked; embryo straight; 
cotyledons thick) fleshy ; plumule conspicuous. — Trees or shrubs, almost always smooth, 
and filled every where with little transparent receptacles of volatile oil. Leaves alternate, 
often compound, always articulated with the petiole, which is frequently winged. Spines, 
if present, axillary. 
Affinities. Readily known by the abundance of oily receptacles which are 
dispersed over all parts of them, by their deciduous petals, and compound leaves 
with a winged petiole. They are nearly related to Amyridacese and Connaracese 
on the one hand, and to various genera of Diosmeae on the other, but are dis- 
tinguished from them all by a variety of obvious characters. It is more diffi- 
cult to distinguish Aurantiaceae from Xanthoxylaceae unless attention is paid 
to the gynobasic structure of the latter ; and this is made out with difficulty in 
the ovary ; their ripe fruit is, however, very different. Luvunga is remark- 
able for having the climbing habit of Xanthoxylaceae, and the fruit of the 
Orange tribe. The raphe and chalaza are usually distinctly marked upon the 
testa, and sometimes beautifully. De Candolle considers the rind of the 
Orange to be of a different origin and nature from the pericarp of other 
fruit, and more analogous to the torus or disk of Nelumbiaceae ; but if the 
ovary and ripe fruit are compared, it will be readily seen that this hypothesis 
is untenable, and that there is no difference between the rind of an orange and 
an ordinary pericarp. 
Geography. Almost exclusively found in the East Indies, whence they 
have in some cases spread over the rest of the tropics. Two or three species 
are natives of Madagascar ; one is described as found wild in the woods of 
Essequebo ; and Prince Maximilian of Wied Neuwied speaks of a wild Orange 
of Brazil, called Caranja da terra, which has by no means the delicious refresh- 
ing qualities of the cultivated kind, but a mawkish sweet taste. Travels, 76. 
Limonia laureola is remarkable as the only plant of this family found on the 
tops of cold and lofty mountains, where it is for some months of the year bu- 
ried under the snow. The Hill people of India call it Kidar-patri and Kuthar-^ 
chara, and fancy that it is by feeding on its leaves that the musk acquires its 
peculiar flavour. Hoyle. 
Properties. The wood is universally hard and compact; they abound 
in a volatile, fragrant, bitter, exciting oil ; the pulp of the fruit is always more 
or less acid. DC. The Orange, the Lemon, the Lime, and the Citron, fruits 
which, although natives of India, have now become so common in other coun- 
tries as to give a tropical character to a European dessert, are the most re- 
markable products of this order. If to this be added the excellence of their 
wood, and the fragrance and beauty of their flowers, I know not if an order 
more interesting to man can be pointed out. The fruits just mentioned are not, 
however, its only produce. The Wampee, a fruit highly esteemed in China 
and the Indian archipelago, is the jiroducc of Cookia punctata. The berries 
