109 
5, alternate with the petals, and combined with them at the base; anthers ovate, versatile. 
Glands usually 5, hypogynous, opposite the petals. Ovary superior, 2- or 3-celled ; ovules 
twin, pendulous ; simple; stigma obsoletely 3-lobed. Fruit drupaceous, rather dry, 
1- 2- or 3-celled. Seeds solitary, pendulous, without albumen ; embryo thick, with a thick 
superior radicle and fleshy cotyledons. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, with two stipules 
entire. Flowers small, axillary, their peduncle often connate with the petiole. 
Affinities. Whether what are here called petals are not rather abortive 
stamens is doubted by botanists, and hence the station of the order is by one 
referred to Polypetalse, and by another to Apetalse, and is compared, on the one 
hand, with Anacardiacese or Rosacese, and, on the other, with Samydacese and 
Cupuliferae. To me it seems that what appear to be petals are so ; a fact which 
it is difficult to doubt, when it is remembered that both organs are mere trans - 
formations of one common type, and that it is in appearance and position only 
that they differ. De Candolle stations the order between Homalinaceae and 
Aquilariaceae ; it agrees with the former in the presence of glands round the 
ovary, but differs in its superior ovary with the placentae in the axis, and many 
other characters. Rhamnaceae, with which it agrees so much in habit, seem, 
upon the whole to claim the closest kindred with it. 
Geography. Of the few known species belonging to this order, 2 are 
found in Sierra Leone, 2 in Madagascar, 2 in equinoctial America, and 1 in 
Timor. 
Properties. The fruit of Chailletia toxicaria is said to be poisonous. 
That of Moutabea is said by Aublet to be harmless. 
GENERA. 
Chailletia, DC. Tapura, Aubl. Moutabea, Anol. Moacurra, Roxb. 
Patrisia^ Rohr. Rohria, Schreb. Cryptostomum, Schr. Wahlenbergia, R.Br. 
Mestotes, Sol. 
Dichapetalum, Thou. 
Leucosia, Thouars. 
Order LXXXIV. TREMANDRACEiE. 
Tremandrace^, R. Brown in Flinders, p. 12. (1814) ; DC. Prodr. 1. 343. (1824). 
Essential Character. — Sepals 4 or 5, equal, with a valvular aestivation, slightly’ 
cohering at the base, and deciduous. Petals equal in number to the sepals, with an invo- 
lute aestivation, enwrapping the stamens, much larger than the calyx, and deciduous. Sta- 
mens hypogynous, distinct, 2 before each petal, and therefore either 8 or 10; anthers 2- or 
4-celled, opening by a pore at the apex. Ovary 2-celled ; ovules from 1 to 3 in each cell, 
pendulous ; style 1 ; stigmas 1 or 2. Fruit capsular, 2-celled, 2-valved ; dehiscence locu- 
licidal. Seeds pendulous, ovate, with a thickened appendage at the apex, but with no 
appendage about the hilum ; embryo cylindrical, straight, in the axis of fleshy albumen ; 
the radicle next the hilum. — Slender heath-like shrubs, with their hairs usually glandular. 
Leaves alternate or whorled, without stipules, entire or toothed. Pedicels solitary, axillary 
1 -flowered. Flowers often large and showy. 
Affinities. Not very certain ; many genera probably still remain to be 
discovered. According to De Candolle, they are related to Polygalacese ; 
from which they differ in a number of points, especially in their distinct stamens 
and regular flowers ; agreeing with them in having a remarkable tumour, called 
a caruncula, at one end of the seeds, which are also definite and pendulous in 
both orders, and in the porous dehiscence of the anthers. With the exception 
of the stamens being hypogynous, instead of perigynous, they may be rather 
considered as approaching Rhamnaceae, to which the position and definite. 
