136 
Xanthoxylaceous plants have in their habit, and especially in their foliage, a 
marked resemblance to the Ash. The dioecious flowers of Fraxinus, its ovaiy, 
the two cells of which are compressed, ha^'ing a single style, 2 o^mles in the 
inside, and scales on the outside, and which finally changes into a samara 
which is 1 -celled and 1 -seeded by abortion, all establish certain points of con- 
tact between Ptelea and Fraxinus.” Ad. de Juss. 
Geography. ISIost of the species belong to America, especially to the 
tropical parts ; some are found in temperate regions ; they are rare in Africa ; 
some exist in the Isles of France and Madagascar, many are natives of India 
and China, and I is found in New Holland. 
Properties. Nearly all aromatic and pungent. The Fagaras are popu- 
larly called Peppers in the countries where they are found. Xanthoxylum 
Clava and fraxineum are powerful sudorifics and diaphoretics ; they are re- 
markable, according to Barton, for their extraordinaiy’' power in exciting 
salivation, whether applied immediately to the gums or taken internally : these 
t^vo plants are reputed to have been used successfully in paralysis of the mus- 
cles of the mouth and in rheumatic afi'ections. Xanthox}*lum caribseum is held 
to be a febrifuge. DC. A plant called Coentrilho in Brazil (Xanthoxj'lum 
hiemale) is employed as a remedy for pain in the ear, for which purpose the 
powder of its bark is made use of. Its wood is very hard, and valuable for 
building. PI. Usuelles, 37. The fruit of Ptelea has a strong, bitter, aromatic 
taste, and is said to have been used with some success as a substitute for hops. 
DC. The bai'k of a species of Brucea is stated by Horsfield to be of a bitter 
nature, and to possess properties similar to those of Quassia Simarouba. 
AinsUe, 2. 105. The green parts of Br. sumati*ana are intensely bitter. 
Roxb. The Brucea antidysenterica contains a poisonous principle called 
Bmcia, which is similar in its efiects to Stiyxhnia, but 12 or 16 times less 
energetic than that alkali. Turner, 652. In Japan the capsules of X. pi- 
peritum are employed as a substitute for pepper ; in India various species have 
a like use. The capsules and seeds of X. hostile, called tej-hul by the natives, 
ai*e employed in northern India for intoxicating fish ; they are ^so given as 
the Faghurehoi Axicemid^. X. piperitum and A%dcenn8e are used in China and 
Japan as an antidote against all poisons ; they would, undoubtedly, in many 
cases be of considerable use as a stimulant remedy. The bark of the root of 
Toddalia aculeata is said to be employed as a cure for the remittent fevers 
caught in the jungles of the Indian Hills. Rogle’s Illustr. 157. 
GENERA. 
Dictyoloma, A. de J. 
Pitavia, Molin. 
Galvezia, R. et P. 
Bnicea, Mill. 
Gonus, Lour. ? 
Bruneliia, R. et P. 
XanthoxA'lum, L. Blackburnia, Forst. 
Fagara, L. Labordia, Gaudich. 
Pterota, Adans. Boymia, A. de J. 
Ochroxylum, Schreb. Lacuris, Wall. 
Kampmannia, Rafin. Toddalia, Juss. 
Langsdorfia, Leand. Crantzia, Schreb. 
Pohlana, Nees. Scopolia, Sm. 
Aubertia, Bory. 
Vepris, Commers. 
Asteropus, Spr. 
Ptelea, L. 
Belinda, Adans. 
Ailanthus, Desf. 
Eurycoma, Jack. 
Alliance II. GERAXIALES. 
Essential Character. — Styles distinct, at least near the point. Carpels combined 
in the ovary. Leaves never dotted. Stamens very often monadelphous. Flowers never 
unisexual. 
In the opinion of Auguste de St. Hilaire aU the orders fonning this alii- 
