158 
regular, persistent ; (estivation either imbricate or valvular. Petals 5, inserted on the calyx, 
imbricated, rarely valvate in aestivation. Stamens twice the number of petals, hypogynous, 
those opposite the petals shorter than the others ; filaments usually monadelphous. Ovary 
solitary and simple, or several, each with a separate style and stigma ; ovules 2, collateral, 
ascending; styles terminal; stigmas usually dilated. Fruit dehiscent, single, or several 
together, splitting lengthwise internally. Seeds erect, in pairs or solitary, with or without 
albumen, often with an aril ; radicle superior, at the extremity opposite the hilum ; coty- 
ledons thick in the species without albumen, foliaceous in those with albumen. — Trees or 
shrubs. Leaves compound, not dotted, alternate, without stipules. Flowers terminal and 
axillary, in racemes or panicles, with bracts. 
Affinities. Connarus can only be distinguished from Leguminosse by 
the relation the parts of its embr}'o have to the umbilicus of the seed {Brown 
in Congo, 432.) ; that is to say, by the radicle being at the extremity most 
remote from the hilum. This observation must, however, be understood to 
refer only to some particular cases in Leguminosae, and also to the fructifica- 
tion ; the want of stipules and regular flowers being usually sufficient to dis- 
tinguish Connaracese. From Anacardiaceae and other similar orders this is at 
once known by the total want of resinous juice. Brown considers that Cnes- 
tis approaches Averrhoa in Oxalidaceae, and this genus, according to Adrien 
de Jussieu, is allied to Xanthoxylaceae through Brunellia. 
Geography. All found in the tropics of Asia, Africa, and America, 
Properties. Unknown. 
GENERA. 
Connarus, L. Omphalobium, Gaertn. 
Rourea, Aubl. Cnestis, Juss. 
Rohergia, Schreb. ?Tetradium, Lour. 
Malbrancia, Neck. 
Order CXII. CHRYSOBALANACEAE. 
The Cocoa-Plum Tribe. 
Chrysobala.ne.5e, R. Brown, in Tuckey's Voyage to the Congo, App. (1818) ; DC. Prodr. 
2. 525. a§ o/Rosaceae (1825) ; Bartl. Ord. Nat. p. 405. (1830). 
Essential Character. — Calyx 5-lobed, sometimes bracteolate at the base. Petals 
more or less irregular, either 5 or none. Stamens either definite or indefinite, usually irre- 
gular either in size or position. Ovary superior, solitary, 1- or 2-celled, cohering more or 
less on one side with the calyx ; ovules twin, erect ; style single, arising from the base ; 
stigma simple. Fruit a drupe of 1 or 2 cells. Seed usually solitary, erect. Embryo with 
fleshy cotyledons, and no albumen. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, 
with no glands, and veins that run parallel with each other from the midrib to the margin. 
Flowers in racemes, or panicles, or corymbs. 
Anomalies. Hirtella has fleshy albumen and leafy cotyledons, according to Gaertner ; 
and one species of the same genus is described as apetalous. Prinsepia has a semipetaloid 
irregular calyx and no petals. 
Affinities. The obvious affinity of this order is with Amygdaleae, from 
which it differs in having irregular stamens and petals, and a style proceeding 
from the base of the ovary. With Rosacese proper, to which Chrysobalanacese 
have a strict relation, they agree in the same manner as Amygdaleee, except- 
ing the characters just pointed out. To Leguminosae with drupaceous fruit, 
they approach closely in the irregularity of their stamens and corolla, and es- 
pecially in the cohesion which takes place between the stalk of the ovary and 
the sides of the calyx ; a character found, as De Candolle well remarks, in 
Jonesia and Bauhinia, undoubted leguminous plants : Chrysobalanaceae are dis- 
