166 
and for medicinal purposes, called the Balsam of Tolu. Lambert's Illustra- 
tion, 95. Both it and the Balsam of Peru are also yielded, according to Ach. 
Richard, by M. toluiferum. Ann. des Sc. 2. 172. 
GENERA. 
Amyris, L. Sabia, Colebr. Myrospermum, Jacq. Copaifera, L. 
Elemifera, 'Plum. ? Tapiria, Juss. ^ Toluifem, h. Copaiva, Jdicq. 
? Spathelia, L. Salaherria, Necker. Myroxylon, Mart. 
Joncquetia, Schreb. 
Order CXIX. ANACARDIACEiE. The Cashew Tribe. 
Terebintace^, Gen. 368. (1789) in part. — Cassuvie^ or Anacardie^, Brown in 
Congo, 431. (1818); Bartl. Ord. Nat. p. 395. (1830). — ace je, Kunth in 
Ann. des Sc. Nat. 2. 333. (1824). Trib. 1 and 2. DC. Prodr. 2. 62. (1825) ; 
Juss. Diet, des Sc. Nat. v. 53. (1828) ; Amott in Encycl. Britt, p. 106. (1832). 
Essential Character. — Flowers usually unisexual. Calyx usually small and per- 
sistent, with 5, or occasionally 3-4, or 7 divisions. Petals equal in number to the seg- 
ments of the calyx, perigynous, (occasionally wanting,) imbricated in aestivation. Stamens 
equal in number to the petals and alternate with them, or twice as many or even more, 
equal or alternately shorter, or partly sterile ; filaments distinct, or in the genera without 
a disk cohering at the base. Disk fleshy, annular or cup-shaped, hypogynous, occeisionally 
wanting. Ovary single, ver>" rarely 5 or 6, of which 4 or 5 are abortive, superior, (very 
rarely inferior), 1 -celled; styles 1 or 3, occasionally 4, sometimes none ; stigmas as many; 
ovule solitary, attached by a cord to the bottom of the cell. Fruit indehiscent, most com- 
monly drupaceous. Seed without albumen ; radicle either superior or inferior, but always 
directed towards the hilum, sometimes curved suddenly back ; cotyledons thick and fleshy, 
or leafy. — Trees or shrubs, with a resinous, gummy, caustic, or even milky juice. Leaves 
alternate, simple, or ternate or unequally pinnate, without pellucid dots. Flowers terminal 
or axillary, with bracts. 
Anomalies. Holigarna has an inferior ovary. The stamens of Melanorhsea are inde- 
finite and hypogjmous. 
Affinities. The order called Terebintacese by Jussieu and many other 
botanists has been broken up into several by Brown and Kunth, but preseiwed 
entire by De Candolle, who does not, however, appear to have devoted parti- 
cular attention to the subject, by Amott and others. I foUow the former bota- 
nists, abandoning altogether the name Terebintacese, which is about equally 
applicable to either Anacardiacese, Burseracese, Connai'acese, Spondiacese, or 
Amyridacese, the five orders which have been formed at its expense. All 
these are nearly related to each other, and whatever affinity is borne by one 
of them will be participated in by them aU in a greater or less degree. They are 
distinguished from Rhamnacese by their resinous juice, superior ovary, imbri- 
cated calyx, and stamens not opposite the petals ; from Celastracese by several 
of the same characters, and want of albumen ; from Rosacese and Legumi- 
nosse by their definite stamens, dotted leaves, very minute stipules if any, re- 
sinous juice, solitary ovules, or by some one or other of these characters. To 
Rutacese they approach, and ^so to Xanthoxylaceae, from which some of them 
differ in their perigynous stamens. • Melanorhaea is remarkable for its indefi- 
nite stamens, and especially for its hypogynous petals becoming enlarged, fo- 
liaceous, and deep red as the fruit advances to maturity. 
Geography. Chiefly natives of tropical America, Africa, and India ; a 
few are found beyond the tropics, both to the north and south. Pistacias and 
some species of Rhus inhabit the south of Europe ; many of the latter genus 
occupy stations in North America and Northern India, and also at the Cape 
