193 
Order CXLIII. SANTALACEiE. The Sanders-Wood Tribe. 
SANTALACEiE, R. Brown Prodr. 350. (1810) ; Juss. Diet, des Sc. Nat. 47. 287. (1827) ; 
Lindl. Synops. 207. (1829); Bartling Ord. Nat. 112. (1830) ; Arnott in Edinb. 
Encycl. 128. (1832). — OsYRiDEiE, Juss. in Ann. Mus. vol. 5. (1802) ; Martins Con- 
spectus, No. 82. (1835). — Nyssace^, Juss. in Diet, des Sciences, 35. 267. (1825). 
Martins Conspectus, No. 88. (1835). — Osyrin^, Link Handh. 1. 371. (1829). 
Essential Character. — Calyx superior, 4- or 5- cleft, half-coloured, with valvate 
aestivation. Stamens 4 or 5, opposite the segments of the calyx, and inserted into their 
bases. Ovary 1 -celled, with from 1 to 4 ovules, fixed to the top of a central placenta near 
the summit ; style 1; often lobed. Fruit 1 -seeded, hard and dry, and drupaceous. 
Albumen fieshy, of the same form as the seed ; embryo in the axis, inverted, taper. — Trees 
or shrubs, sometimes under -shrubs or herbaceous plants. Leaves alternate, or nearly oppo- 
site, undivided, sometimes minute, and resembling stipules. Flowers in spikes, seldom in 
umbels, or solitary, small. R. Br. 
Anomalies. Osyris differs in its dioecious flowers, in having a trifid calyx with only 
three stamens, and, according to the younger Gaertner, an erect seed with an embryo curved 
and lying a little out of the axis of the albumen, with its radicle superior, and therefore 
turned away from the hilum. 
Affinities. I consider their inferior fruit the true mark of this order, and 
that Anthobolese ought to be referred to Thymelacese. It is closely allied to 
Elseagnaceae and Thymelacese. Brown observes {Flinders, 569.) that one of 
the most remarkable characters of the order consists in its unilocular ovary 
containing more than one, but always a determinate number of ovules, which 
are pendulous, and attached to the apex of a central receptacle. This recep- 
tacle varies in its figure in the difi’erent genera, in some being filiform, in 
others nearly fiUing the cavity of the ovary. I refer Nyssaceae here, with- 
out any doubt. According to Jussieu, who is the only botanist that has much 
noticed that tribe, it contains but the single genus Nyssa, differing from 
Elaeagnaceae in its inferior ovary, albuminous pendulous seed, and superior ra- 
dicle. It is more nearly allied to Santalaceae ; but its ovary contains, instead 
of three ovules adhering to a central placenta, one only, which is pen- 
dulous, and its embryo is not cylindrical, but has enlarged foliaceous cotyle- 
dons. 
Geography. Found in Europe and North America, in the form of little 
obscure weeds ; in New Holland, the East Indies, and the South Sea Islands, 
as large shnibs, or small trees. 
Properties. Sanders-wood is the produce of Santalum album. In In- 
dia it is esteemed by the native doctors as possessing sedative and cooling 
qualities, and as a valuable medicine in gonorrhoea. It is also employed as 
a perfume. Ainslie, 1. 377. The Thesiums are scentless and slightly astrin- 
gent. DC. 
GENERA. 
Thesium, L. 
Comandra, Nutt. 
Leptomeria, R. Br. 
Stemonurus, Blume. 
Choretum, R. Br. 
Pyrularia, Mich. 
Hamiltonia, Willd. 
Calinux, Rafin. 
Osyris, L. 
? Helwingia, Willd. 
Grubbia, Berg. 
Arjona, Cav. 
Ophira, L, 
Quinchamalium, Jus 
Fusanus, L. 
Colpoon, Berg. 
Sphserocarya, Wall. 
Santalum, L. 
Sirium, L. 
Myoschilos, R. et P. 
Nyssa, L. 
? Octarillum, Lour. 
Pseudanthus, Sieb. 
? Cevallia, Lag. 
? Cervantesia, FI. Per. 
o 
