195 
f) -cleft, with an imbricated Eestivation. Corolla 0, or sometimes scale-like petals in the 
orifice of the calyx. Stamens definite, inserted in the tube or its orifice, often 8, some- 
times 4, less frequently 2; when equal in number to the segments of the calyx or fewer, 
opposite to them ; anthers 2-celled, dehiscing lengthwise in the middle. Ovary solitary, 
with one solitary pendulous ovule ; style 1 ; stigma undivided. Fruit hard, dry, and nut- 
like, or drupaceous. none, or thin and fleshy ; em6r?/o straight ; cotyledons ^Izxio- 
convex ; radicle short, superior ; plumule inconspicuous. — Stem shrubby, very seldom her- 
baceous, with tenacious bark. Leaves without stipules, alternate or opposite, entire. 
Flowers capitate or spiked, terminal or axillary, occasionally solitary. R. Br. 
Affinities. Closely akin to Santalacese, Elaeagnaceae, and Proteacese, 
from all which the order is readily known by obvious characters ; especially 
from the two latter by the pendulous ovules, and from the former by the in- 
ferior calyx. Aquilariacese, placed by De Candolle near Chailletiacese, among 
polypetalous orders, differ from Thymelacese chiefly in their 2- valved fruit ; the 
scales in the throat of several genera of Thymelacese being of the same nature 
as the bodies called petals in Aquilariacese. I refer Anthobolese here, because 
of their superior fruit, a character which seems to me of more importance 
than the position of the ovules. It appears from the Botanical Appendix to 
Flinders’s Voyage, that there is a very remarkable species of Exocarpus which 
bears its flowers upon the margins of dilated foliaceous branches, after the 
manner of Xylophylla. Martins considers Anthobolese a distinct order, adopt- 
ing in that respect the suggestion of Jussieu ; this great botanist supposed 
that Cervantesia of the Flora Peruviana might possibly belong to them ; it 
seems, however, to belong rather to Santalacese. 
Geography. Natives sparingly of Europe, and the northern parts of the 
world, common in the cooler parts of India and South America, and abundant 
at the Cape of Good Hope and in New Holland. 
Properties. The great feature of this order is the causticity of the bark, 
which acts upon the skin as a vesicatory, and causes excessive pain in the 
mouth if chewed. A decoction of it is said to have been found useful in ve • 
nereal complaints. The berries of Daphne Laureola are poisonous to all ani- 
mals except birds. DC. The bark is composed of interlaced fibres, which 
are extremely tough, but which are easily separable ; in Jamaica a species is 
found which is called the Lace Bark Tree, in consequence of the beauti- 
fully reticulated appearance of the inner bark : cordage has been manu- 
factured from several species. A very soft kind of paper is made from 
the inner bark of Daphne Bholua, in Nipal. DC. Prodr. 68. Daphne 
Gnidium and Passerina tinctoria are used in the south of Europe to dye wool 
yellow. 
GENERA. 
Dirca, L. 
Lagetta, Juss. 
Daphne, L. 
Scopolia, L. fil. 
Capura, L. 
Linostoma, Wall. 
Nectandra, Roxb. 
Schoenobiblus, Mart. 
Diarthron, Turcz. 
Passerina, L. 
Stellera, L. 
Struthiola, L. 
Lachnaea, L. 
Dais, L. 
Gnidia, L. 
Struthia, Roy. 
Thymelina, Hsgg. 
Pimelea, Banks. 
Thecanthus, Wikstr. 
Drapetes, Lam. 
Cansiera, Juss. 
Eriosolena, Bl. 
Drimyspermum, 
Reinw. 
Wikstrbmia, Endl. 
Neea, R. et P. 
§ ANTHOBOLEiE, Bartl. 
Anthobolus, R. Br. 
Exocarpus, Lab. 
Order CXLVI. HERNANDIACEJE. 
Hernandie/e, Blume Bijdr. 550. (1825) ; Arnott in Edinb. Encycl. 126. (1832). 
Essential Character. — Flowers moncEcious or hermaphrodite, with a calycine invo- 
lucel to the females or hermaphrodites. Calyx petaloid, inferior, tubular, 4-8-parted, deci-. 
