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Alliance IT. ERICALES. 
Essential Character. — Antfiers opening by pores, hard and dry, often with appen- 
dages. Carpels from 4 to 5, or more. 
The worst of this character is, that Monotropaceae do not open their anthers 
hy pores ; their evident relationship to the other orders renders it, however, 
necessary to keep them here. 
Order CLXIV. PYROLACEiE. The Winter Green Tribe. 
Pyrolene, Lindl. Coll. Bot. t. 5. (1821) ; Synops. 175. (1829). 
Essential Character. — Calyx 5-leaved, persistent, inferior. Corolla monopetalous, 
hypogynous, regular, deciduous, 4- or 5 -toothed, with an imbricated aestivation. Stamens 
hypogynous, twice as numerous as the divisions of the corolla ; anthers 2-celled, opening by 
pores. Ovary superior, 4- or 5-celled, many-seeded, with a hypogynous disk; style 1, 
declinate ; stigma slightly indusiate. Fruit capsular, 4- or 5-celled, dehiscent, with central 
placentae. Seeds indefinite, minute, winged ; embryo minute, at the base of a fleshy albumen. 
— Herbaceous plants, rarely under-shrubs. Stems round, raked ; in the frutescent species 
leafy. Leaves simple, entire or toothed. Flowers in terminal racemes, or solitary. 
Affinities. The habit of these plants is so different from that of Ericaceae 
that I cannot hesitate to separate them, especially as their winged seeds, with a 
minute embryo, and declinate styles, are real marks of difference. Pyrola 
(Cladothamnus ?) fruticosa forms a passage to Ericaceae, and P. aphylla to 
Monotropaceae. A sort of approach to the indusiate stigma of Goodeniaceae 
occurs in that of P. aphylla and others. 
Geography. Natives of Europe, North America, and the northern parts 
of Asia, in fir woods, or in similar situations. 
Properties. Chimaphila umbellata is a most active diuretic ; it is also 
found to possess valuable tonic properties. The- leaves, applied to the skin, 
act as slight vesicatories. It is remarkable enough that C. maculata, a very 
closely allied species, should be asserted by American practitioners to be 
wholly inert. See Barton, 1. 28. 
GENUS. 
Pyrola, L. Chimaphila, Ph. Moneses, Salisb. Galax, L. 
Chimaza, R. Br. Cladothamnus, Bong. Blandfordia, Andr. 
Order CLXV. MONOTROPACEyE. 
MoNOTROPEiE, Nutt. Gen. 1. 272. (1818) ; DC. et Duby. 319. (1828). 
Essential Character. — In all things the same as Pyrolaceae, except; style straight; 
anthers bursting longitudinally ; embryo minute, at the apex of fleshy albumen ; stems leaf- 
less, or nearly so, but covered with fleshy scales. — Parasitical plants. 
Affinities. The dehiscence of the anthers separates these from Pyrolaceae, 
as well as their leafless, scaly, and parasitical habit; besides which, it would 
appear that there is a difference in the position of the embryo, that organ being 
at the apex of the albumen in Monotropaceae, and at its base in Pyrolaceae, 
Tolmiea forms a transition from these to Pyrolaceae, and P. aphylla back again. 
Geography. Natives of Europe, Asia and North America, in cool places 
especially in fir woods. 
Properties. Unknown. 
