236 
lining; style simple ; stigma surrounded by a cup-like fringe. Fruit capsular, 1- or more- 
celled, many-seeded, dehiscing at the apex. Seeds attached either to the lining or the axis 
of the pericarp ; embryo straight, in the axis of fleshy albumen ; radicle pointing to the 
hilum. — Herbaceous plants or shrubs. Leaves alternate, without stipules. Flowers axillary 
or terminal. 
Anomalies. Clintonia has a triangular 1-celled ovary, with 2 parietal placentae. Some 
have 5 petals. One species of Lobelia is dioecious. 
Affinities. Different as the plants of this order at first sight appear 
from Compositse, they in fact participate in all the analogies of Campanulaceae 
with that alliance, and perhaps are yet more nearly related to Compositse even 
than Campanulaceee, especially in their cohering anthers and in the irregula- 
rity of their corolla, which is split so that the segments cohere towards one 
side just like the 5 segments that make up the ligulate floret of a Composita. 
The stigma is surrounded by hairs, which are probably analogous to the indu- 
sium of Goodeniacese, to which order Lobeliacese approach closely. Of course 
they participate in any and all the affinities of Campanulaceae. Alphonse De 
Candolle criticises, with much justice, the character assigned to Lobehaceae 
in my Synopsis of the British Flora, particularly in regard to the cnp or fringe 
assigned to their stigma : this was a misprint for cup-like. He also con- 
siders Jasione more properly a Campanulaceous than a Lobeliaceous plant ; 
this genus, however, seems to me to stand upon the limit between the two 
orders. 
Geography. Unlike Campanulaceae, these seem to prefer countries 
within or upon the border of the tropics to such as have a colder character. 
We find them abounding in the West Indies, Brazil, the Cape of Good 
Hope, and the Sandwich Islands ; they are not uncommon in Chile, and New 
Holland. 
Properties. All dangerous or suspicious, in consequence of the excessive 
acridity of their milk. L. Caoutchouc is so named by the inhabitants of Popayan 
from the tenacity of its juice. Royle. Lobelia tupa yields a dangerous poison in 
Chile. The most active article of the North American Materia Medica is said to 
be the Lobelia inflata : it is possessed of an emetic, sudorific, and powerful ex- 
pectorant effect, especially the first. When given with a view to empty the 
stomach, it operates vehemently and speedily ; producing, however, great re- 
laxation, debility, and perspiration, and even death, if given in over-doses. 
Barton, 1. 189. The anti- syphilitic virtues ascribed to Lobelia syphilitica are 
supposed to have resided in its diuretic property ; they are, however, gene- 
rally discredited altogether. Ibid. 2. 211. Lobelia longiflora, a native of 
some of the West India Islands, is one of the most venomous of plants. The 
Spanish Americans call it Rebenta Cavallos, because it proves fatal to horses 
that eat it, swelling them until they burst. Taken internally, it acts as a 
violent cathartic, the effects of which no remedy can assuage, and which end 
in death. The leaves are an active vesicatory. Lobelia cardinalis is an acrid 
plant which is reckoned an anthelmintic. Ibid. 2. 180. 
GENERA. 
Clermcntia, Gaud. 
Moquinia, Spr. 
Rollandia, Gaud. 
Cyanea, Gaud. 
Delissea, Gaud. 
Pratia, Gaud. 
Tupa, D. Don. 
Siphocampylus, Pohl. 
Lobelia, L. 
Dortmanna, Don. 
Parastranthus, Don. 
Isotoma, R. Br. 
Holostigma, Don. 
Lysipoma, H. B. K, 
Monopsis, Salisb. 
Clintonia, Dougl. 
Hippobroma, Don. 
Canonanthus, Don. 
Strumpfia, L. 
Heterotoma, Zucc, 
Jasione, L. 
