the stigma is similar to that of many Compositae ; there are the same collect- 
ing hairs on the style, in both cases intended to clear out the pollen from the 
cells of the anthers ; and, finally, the habit is very like. Tlie curious genus 
Calysphyrum offers a direct transition to Ericaceae. 
Geography. Chiefly natives of the north of Asia, Europe, and North 
America, and scarcely known in the hot regions of the world. In the mea- 
dows, fields, and forests of the countries they inhabit, they constitute the most 
striking ornament. Some curious species are found in the Canaries, St. Helena, 
and Juan Fernandez. Alphonse De Candolle remarks, that “ it is within the 
S6^ and 47° N. lat. that in our hemisphere the greatest number of species is 
found ; the chain of the Alps, Italy, Greece, Caucasus, the Altai range, are 
their true country. In whatever direction we leave these limits, the number 
of species rapidly decreases. In the southern hemisphere, the Cape of Good 
Hope (lat. 34° S.) is another centre of habitation, containing not fewer than 
63 species. This locality has a climate so different from that of our mountains, 
that it may be easily imagined that the species capable of living there differ 
materially from those of our own hemisphere : in fact, they belong to other 
genera.” Of 300 species, only 19 are found within the tropics. The same 
botanist remarks that, with only a single exception, all the species belonging 
to genera that open their capsule by lateral pores are found in the northern 
hemisphere ; while those whose capsules dehisce at the apex chiefly inhabit 
the southern hemisphere. 
Properties. The milky juice is rather acrid, but nevertheless the roots 
and young shoots of some, particularly of Campanula Rapunculus, or Rampion, 
of Phyteuma spicatum, of Canarina Campanula, &c. are an occasional article of 
food. The chief value of the order, however, is its beauty. 
GENERA. 
Lightfootia, L’Herit. Microcodon, A. DC. Michauxia, L’Her, 
Cephalostigma, A. DC. Wahlenbergia, Schrad. Mindium, Rhazes 
Campanomsea, Bl. Cervicina, Del. Campanula, L. 
Codonopsis, Wall. Schultesia, Roth. Roucela, Dumort. 
Glossocomia, Don. Prismatocarpus, L’Her. Medium, Fisch. 
Canarina, L. Roella, L. Marianthemum, 
Pernettia, Scop. Phyteuma, L. Schrank. 
Platycodon, A. DC. Petromarula. A^ DC. Specularia, Heist. 
Legouzia, Durand. 
Apenula, Neck. 
Trachelium, L. 
Adenophora, Fisch. 
Flcerkea, Spr. 
Symphiandra, Ad. J. 
Musschia, Dumort. 
Merciera, A. DC. 
Calysphyrum, Bge. 
Sub-Obder? SPHENOCLEACE^. 
Sphenocleaceal, Martins Conspectus, No. 162. (183.5). 
Essential Character. — Calyx superior, 5-parted, with indexed segments. Corolla 
monopetalous, 5-parted, with the segments indexed and somewhat auricled at the base. 
Stamens 5, sessile in the recesses of the corolla ; anthers roundish two-celled, opening lon- 
gitudinally. Ovary inferior, 2-celled, many-seeded ; style very short, and 2-lobed ; stigma 
hairless. Capsule membranous, 2-celled, many-seeded, with a central fungous placenta, 
circumscissile ; seeds minute ; embryo without albumen, straight, with the radicle next 
the hilum. — Herbaceous plants. Leaves alternate, soft, smooth, undivided, without stipules. 
Flowers minute, herbaceous, sessile in a dense subcylindrical head. 
Affinities. This remarkable plant is very much like a Campanulaceous 
genus in structure ; but its exalbuminous seeds, the absence of collecting hairs 
from its styles, and the round sub-sessile anthers, seem to indicate the type of 
a different order ; and the peculiar habit of the only known species seems to 
confirm the propriety of the separation. 
