r 
243 
GENERA. 
Scaevola, L. Pogonetes, (37) 
Gerbera, Lour. Diaspasis, R. Br. 
Dampiera, R. Br. 
Alliance III. CINCHONALES. 
' Essential Character. — Stipules between the leaves. 
I know of no other good character by which the genera belonging to this 
alliance are to be known from Capriales ; and yet the order that they consist 
I of is, in the opinion of all botanists, distinct. The same character then cuts 
i off Stellales, which is not generally admitted. The principal anomaly in the 
I alliance is in the case of Opercularinese, which have a 1 -celled ovary, and which 
i ought, perhaps, rather to form a distinct order among Aggregosae. 
i' 
Order CLXXXVI. CINCHONACE^. The Coffee Tribe. 
RvBiACEMy Juss. Gen. 196. (1789) for the most part; Ann. Mus. 10. 313. (1807) ; Mem. 
Mus. 6. 365. (1820) ; Diet, des Sciences, 46. 385. (1827) ; Schlect. et Chamisso in 
Linncea, 3. 309. (1828) ; Ach. Rich. Dissert, in Mem. Soc. h. n. Par. 5. 81. 
(1830) ; DC. Prodr. 4. 341. (1830) ; Rosie’s Illustration, p. 287. (1835). 
Essential Character. — Calyx superior, simple, with a definite number of divisions 
or none. Corolla superior, tubular, regular, with a definite number of divisions, which are 
valvate or imbricated in aestivation and equal to the segments of the calyx. Stamens arising 
from the corolla, all on the same line, and alternate with its segments ; pollen elliptical. 
Ovary inferior, surmounted by a disk, usually 2-celled, occasionally with several cells ; 
ovules numerous and attached to a central placenta, or few and erect or ascending ; style 
single, inserted, sometimes partly divided ; stigma usually simple, sometimes divided into 
a definite number of parts. Fruit inferior, either splitting into 2 cocci, or indehiscent and 
dry or succulent, occasionally many-celled. Seeds definite or indefinite ; in the former case 
erect or ascending, in the latter attached to a central axis ; embryo small, oblong, sur- 
rounded by horny albumen ; cotyledons thin ; radicle longer, turned, to the hilum. — Trees, 
shrubs, or herbs. Leaves simple, quite entire, opposite or verticillate, with interpetiolary 
stipules. Flowers arranged variously, usually in panicles or corymbs. 
Anomalies. — Opercularia has but 1 cell and 1 seed, and the number of stamens is 
incongruous with the lobes of the corolla. 
Affinities. This well-marked and strictly limited order is nearly allied 
to Compositae, from which its distinct stamens, bilocular or plurilocular ovary, 
and inflorescence, distinguish it ; and consequently it participates in all the 
relationship of that extensive group. From Apocynacese the aestivation of the 
corolla, the presence of stipules, and the inferior ovary, distinctly divide it ; 
yet, according to Brown, there exists a genus in equinoctial Africa which has 
the interpetiolary stipules and seeds of Cinchonaceae, and the superior ovary of 
Apocynaceae, thus connecting these two orders. Congo, 448. The close 
proximity of Caprifoliaceae will be adverted to in speaking of that order. A 
tribe called Opercularineae, referred here by Brown {Ihid. 447) and others 
(A. Rich. Elem. ed. 4. 483), is remarkable for having but 1 seed, and the 
number of stamens unequal to the lobes of the corolla ; it occupies an inter- 
mediate position between genuine Cinchonaceae and Dipsaceae. The order has 
been recently illustrated by Chamisso and Schlechtendahl, Achille Richard, 
and by De Candolle in his invaluable Prodromus. It is, I think, much to be 
regretted that all these authors should have retained the name Rubiaceae ; 
