248 
fespects unobjectionable. It possesses a striking affinity with Cinchonacese, in 
the monopetalous tubular corolla, definite stamens, inferior ovary, and oppo- 
site leaves; an affinity which is confirmed by the coroUa of the latter being 
occasionally regular or irregular. In fact the resemblance between them in 
habit, structure, inflorescence, and sensible properties is so great that there 
seems to be no certain character to distinguish them except the stipules 
of Cinchonacese. With Apocynacese they will have, for the same reasons, an 
intimate alliance, difi’ering chiefly in their qualities, in the non- connivence of 
their anthers, the aestivation of the corolla, and the structure of the inferior 
ovary. To Loranthaceae they also approach, but differ in the relation of the 
anthers to the lobes of the corolla, and in other points. But if we consider the 
tribe called Sambuceae, our view of the affinities of the order will take a dif- 
ferent turn, and we shall find an approach to an order the relationship of 
which would hardly have been suspected, viz. Saxifragaceae : this is esta- 
blished through the intervention of Hydrangea, which is un distinguishable' in 
habit from Viburnum, with which it accords in inflorescence and in the con- 
stant disposition of its flowers to become radiant, but which differs in being 
polypetalous and polyspermous. Besides these points of affinity, Caprifo- 
liaceae probably tend towards UmbeUiferae through Sambuceae. 
Geography. Natives of the northern parts of Europe, Asia, and 
America, passing downwards within the limits of the tropics ; found very 
sparingly in northern Africa, and almost unknowm in the southern hemis- 
phere. 
Properties. The fragrance and beauty of plants of the Honeysuclde 
tribe have been the theme of many a poet’s song ; but independently of such 
recommendations, they possess properties of considerable interest. Their bark 
is generally astringent ; that of Lonicera corymbosa is used for dyeing black in 
Chile. The flowers of the Elder are fragrant and sudorific, its leaves foetid, 
emetic, and a drastic purgative ; qualities which are also possessed by the 
Honeysuckle itself. The fruit of Viburnum is destitute of these properties, 
but has, instead, an austere astringent pulp, which becomes eatable after fer- 
mentation, and is made into a sort of cakq by the North American Indians. 
Triosteum perfoliatum is a mild cathartic ; in large doses it produces vomiting. 
Its dried and roasted berries have been used as a substitute for Coffee. Ibid. 
1. 63. The berries of Lonicera coerulea are a favourite food of the Kamtcha- 
dales. Linncea, 6. 591. 
GENERA. 
§ 1. Lonicere^, R. 
Br. 
Triosteum, Linn. gen. 
Diervilla, Tourn. 
Weigelia, Thunb. 
Karpaton, Raf. 
Lonicera, L. 
Isika, Adans. 
Cham(Scerasus.Tourn.Abe\isi. R. Brown. 
Cobcea, Neck. 
Xylosteum, Tourn, 
Caprifolium, Juss. 
Leycesteria, Wall. 
Symphoria, Pers. 
Anisanthus, W. 
Symphoricarpos, 
Dill. 
Linnaea. Gron. 
Obolaria, Sieg. 
Aidia, Lour. 
Valentiana, Rafin. 
Mastyxia, Bl. 
? Diacicarpium, Bl. 
Polyosma, Bl. 
§ 2.Sambuce^,H.B.K. 
Sambucus, Tourn. 
Phyteuma, Lour. 
Viburnum, L. 
Opulus, Tourn. 
Tinus, Tourn. 
Alliance V. STELLALES. 
Essential Character. — Fruit double. Leaves whorled without stipules. Stem 
usually angular, always herbaceous. 
