272 
of no organic importance, but mere excrescences of the petals, showing an 
approach to a transformation analogous to that by which the ligulse are con- 
verted into anthers, but for a different purpose, whatever that purpose may be. 
But many circumstances might induce a supposition that the case may be dif- 
ferent with regard to the tubal squamse. Their origin is always below that of 
the stamina, and in some cases (as in Emmenanthe and some Eutocse) they 
appear to be connected with the filaments of the stamina in a manner 
analogous to the abortive filaments in pentandrous Caryophyllese, Paro- 
nychieae, and Amaranthacess. On the other hand, like the ligular squamae, 
although constant in fonn in the same species, they vary much in the 
most natural genera, such as Ajuga, Salvia, and Stachys in the Labiatae, 
Echium in Borragineae, or Eutoca and Phacelia in Hydrophylleae, being present 
or absent in two species otherwise very closely allied. In Hydrophylleae, their 
form is very variable. In general their centre is entirely blended with the 
corolla, and their broad dilated margins, embracing the basis of the filaments, 
are alone visible ; but in the genus Hydrophyllum they appear to be constantly 
linear, adnate along the back, but free at the upper extremity and the margins. 
In Emmenanthe and some Eutocse, as also in Echium vulgare and several 
Cynoglossa, they are reduced to ten very small orbicular squamee, placed quite 
at the base of the corolla ; and in Eutoca grandiflora and par\'iflora, Phacelia 
fimbriata, and some others, they disappear entirely, a transverse nerve connect- 
ing the base of the stamina alone indicating their usual position.” Linn, 
Trans. 17. 269. 
Geography. American herbaceous plants, found either in the north or 
among the most southern of the southern provinces ; not known beyond that 
continent. 
Properties. Unknown. 
GENERA. 
Hydrophyllum, L. Nemophila, Barton. Phacelia, Juss. Emmenanthe, Benth. 
Ellisia, L. Eutoca, R. Br. Aldea, R. et P. 
Alliance II. ECHIALES. 
Essential Character. — Fruit nucamentaceous. Inflorescence gyrate. Flowers sym 
metrical. 
Order CCII. CORDIACE.E. 
R. Brown Prodr. 492. (1810), without a name; Martins N. G. et Sp. 2. 138. (1828), V'ith- 
out a name. — Cordiace^, Link Handb. 1. 569. (1829). — Arguzia:, ib. 
Essential Character. — Calyx inferior, 5-toothed. Corolla monopetalous, with the 
limb in 5 divisions. Stamens alternate with the segments of the corolla, out of which they 
arise ; anthers versatile. Ovary superior, 4 -celled, with 1 pendulous ovule in each cell ; 
style continuous ; stigma 4-cleft, with recurved segments. Fruit drupaceous, 4-celled ; 
part of the cells frequently abortive. Seed pendulous from the apex of the cells by a long 
funiculus, upon which it is turned back ; embryo inverted, with the cotyledons plaited lon- 
gitudinally ; albumen 0. — Trees. Leaves alternate, scabrous, without stipules, of a hard 
harsh texture. Flowers panicled, with minute bracts. 
Affinities. The plaited cotyledons and dichotomous style first induced 
the separation of this order from Boraginacese, with which it was formerly 
associated, chiefly, it is to be supposed, on account of the roughness of the 
leaves. Von Martins remarks, that it is in fact much nearer Convolvu- 
