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tandroiis, and Celsia, because it cannot be separated from Verbascum, have 
usually been referred to Solanese, although there are not in that tidbe any 
plants nearly allied to them, but the aestivation of the corolla, besides the ge- 
neral habit, leave no doubt that Barthng and others are right in classing these 
genera among Scrophularineae. 
“ Of the other Personate orders those whose genera or species have been 
most frequently mistaken for, or considered as Scrophularineae, are — 1 . the 
Gesnerese and Orobancheae, distinguished in particular by their unilocular ova- 
rium, with parietal placentae, although the latter protrude sometimes after fe- 
cundation, so as to form a 2- 4-locular fruit ; 2. the Bignoniaceae,. Cyrtandra- 
ceae and Pedalineae, which have exalbuminous seeds, besides which the two 
latter have a unilocular ovarium, with an unilocular, or spuriously 2- 4-locular 
fruit. The above characters, although not always very easy to ascertain, ap- 
pear, nevertheless, to be decided and constant. They are, moreover, accom- 
panied usually by differences in habit and other minor characters ; and I am 
acquainted with few, if any, intermediates. Gesnerese have usually a semi- 
adherent ovarium, a character which, amongst Scrophularinese, I have only 
observed in a slight degree in some Calceolarise ; and these have the regular 
bilocular ovarium and fruit of the latter order. Any further details, however, 
respecting the character and affinities of Gesnerese are rendered useless by the 
elaborate exposition of Martins, in his Nova Genera et Species, vol. 3.” 
“ Orobanchese are at once known by their peculiar habit. They appear to 
be always parasitical, are never green, and their leaves are converted into 
scales. The nearest approach to them amongst Scrophularinese is to he found 
in the genus Buchnera, in which most, if not the whole, of the section Cam- 
pyleia are parasitical, and the B. hydrabadensis is, like the Orobanchese, leaf- 
less, but with the ovarium and capsule of Buchnera. 
“ Bignoniacese are frequently arborescent, which is very rarely the case 
amongst Scrophularinese : the same thing may be said of their pinnate leaves, 
long capsules, and winged seeds ; but as each of these characters is occasionally 
met with in Scrophularinese, the inspection of the embryo must be resorted to 
for a certain character. 
“ Cyi'tandracese and Pedalinese are more readily distinguished by their ova- 
rium always unilocular, if examined before the development occasioned by 
fecundation. Two other very extensive orders, the Acanthacese and Verbe- 
nacese, occasionally come also very near to Scrophularinese, although they are 
in general sufficiently removed to have occasioned but little difficulty in their 
separation. Some connecting genera, call, however, for a few observations in 
the case of each. Acanthacese (of which the Indian species and the general 
character of the order are so admirabl}^ elucidated by Nees V. Esenbeck in 
Dr. Wallich’s PI. As. Rar. 3. 70.) are generally known by the imbricate poly- 
sepalous calyx, the elastically dehiscent capsule, the retinacula of the dis- 
sepiment, the want of albumen, and the peculiar habit derived chiefly from 
the inflorescence. The first of these characters is common to many Gra- 
tiolese ; the second is observable in Buchnera ; the retinacula are wanting in 
some genera of Acanthacese, and the inflorescence of Lindenbergia grandiflora, 
of Beyrichia, &c., may be easily compared to that of Acanthacese ; there re- 
mains, therefore, stiU the minute and often microscopic character derived from 
the embryo, as the only positive one which has hitherto proved constant. Ver- 
benacese have the more decided character of a fruit which is indehiscent, and an 
ovarium divided into uniovulate cells. The first of these characters occurs in 
Thylacantha, Teedia, Leucocarpus, and Tozzia ; the second in Melamp}Tum ; 
but in neither of these cases are both combined. The calyx, corolla, and ge- 
nitalia, are the same in Scrophularinese and Verbenacese. In the latter order, 
the seeds are also said to have occasionally a small quantity of album. en. 
“ The Lentibulariese, a small order, consisting of Pinguicula and Utricu- 
