308 
related to Styracese, because, according to Hayne (Arzngw. XL 23. adn. ult.) 
a sort of Storax is yielded by Olea europsea. De Candolle suggests {Essai 
Med. p. 204.) that the Ash is related to the Maple tribe, and this view is 
lately adopted by Von Martins; I also find in the same work the following 
very good observations upon this order : — “ However heterogeneous the Olive 
tribe may appear as at present limited, it is remarkable that the species will all 
graft upon each other ; a fact which demonstrates the analogy of their juices 
and their fibres. Thus the Lilac will graft upon the Ash, the Chionanthus 
and the Fontanesia, and I have even succeeded in making the Persian Lilac 
live ten years on Phillyrea latifolia. The Olive will take on the Phillyrea, and 
even on the Ash : but we cannot graft the Jasmine on any plant of the 
Olive tribe : a circumstance which confirms the propriety of separating these 
two tribes.” 
Geography. Natives chiefly of temperate latitudes, inclining towards 
the tropics, but scarcely known beyond 65° N. lat. Tlie Ash is extremely 
abundant in North America ; the Phyllireas and Syringas are all European or 
Eastern plants. A few are found in New Holland and elsewhere within the 
tropics. One Ash is a native of Nipal. 
Properties. This order (and Aurantiacese) offer one of the few instances of 
oil being contained in the pericarp, from which Olive oil is entirely expressed ; 
in most other plants oil is yielded by the seed. The flowers are frequently 
shghtly fragrant ; those of Olea fragrans are employed in China for flavouring 
tea. The bark of the Olive, but especially of the Ash, is so bitter and astrin- 
gent, that it has been not only highly celebrated as a febrifuge, but even com- 
pared with Quinquina {DC.) for effect. The sweet gentle purgative, called 
Manna,* is a concrete discharge from the bark of several species of Ash, but 
especially from Fraxinus rotundifolia. The sweetness of this substance is not 
due to the presence of sugar, hut to a distinct principle, called Mannite, which 
difi’ers from sugar in not fermenting with water and yeast. Turner, 682. 
A peculiar substance, called Olivile, is contained in the gum of Olea euro- 
psea. Ibid. 701. 
Olea, L. 
Osmanthus, Lour. 
Phillyrea, L. 
Fontanesia, La Bill. 
GENERA. 
Notelaea, Venten. 
Physospermum, 
Gaertn. 
Linociera, Sw. 
Mayepea, Aubl. 
Chionanthus, L. 
Ligustrum, L. 
Syringa, L. 
Noronhia, Thouars. 
Pachy derma, Bl. 
Myxopyrum, Bl. 
Chondrospermum, 
Wall. 
§ FRAxiNEiE, Bartl. 
Fraxinus, L. 
Order CCXXVII. JASMINACE^E. The Jasmine Tribe. 
Jasmine.®, Juss. Gen. Plant. 104. (1789) in part ; R. Brown Prodr. 520. (1810). 
Essential Character. — Calyx divided or toothed, persistent. Corolla monopetalous, 
hypogynous, regular, hypocrateriform, with from 5 to 8 divisions, which lie laterally upon 
each other, being imbricated and twisted in aestivation. Stamens 2, arising from the 
corolla, enclosed within its tube. Ovary destitute of a hypogynous disk, 2 -celled, with 
* Of this substance Royle mentions the following as known in India. 1. The best, called 
Sheerkhist, said to be procured from a tree of Khorasan, perhaps a species of Fraxinus ; 
2. Torunjbeen, the produce of Alhagi Maurorum ; 3. Guzunjheen, from aTamarisk ; 4. Shukhr- 
ool-askur, found on Calotropis procera, or a kindred species ; and 5, one kind is mentioned 
as being obtained from an Umbelliferous plant. Illustr. 267. 
