324 
Elettaria Cardamomum ; another sort is the produce of Amomum maximum ; 
and the greater Cardamoms are yielded by the Amomum Granum Paradisi. 
Others are known for their dyeing properties, such as Turmeric. This sub- 
stance, obtained from Curcuma longa, is cordial and stomachic ; it is also 
considered by the native practitioners of India an excellent application in 
powder for cleaning foul ulcers. Ibid. 1. 455. The fruit of Globha uviformis 
is said to be eatable. Generally, in consequence of the presence of the aro- 
matic oil that is so prevalent in the order, the roots or rhizomas, although 
abounding in fsecula, are not fit for the preparation of arrow-root ; but an 
excellent kind is prepared in Travancore, in the East Indies, from Curcuma 
angustifolia. Ibid. 1. 19. 
GENERA. 
§ 1. ZiNGIBERA, 
Blurae. 
Zingibe^ Gaertii. 
Curcuma, L. 
Hitchenia, "Wall. 
Kaempferia, L. 
§ 2. Amoma, B1. 
Amomum, L. 
Elettaria, Rheede. 
Donacodes, Bl. 
Diracodes, Bl. 
Hedychium, Kon. 
§ 3. Alpini^e, Bl. 
Alpinia, L. 
Gethyra, Salisb. 
Zerumbet, Wendl. 
Hellenia, W. 
Gastrochilus, Wall. 
Monolophus, Wall. 
Cassumunar, Colla. 
Galanga, Roxb. 
Monocystis, (58) 
Cenolopbon, Bl. / 
Phaeomeria, (59) ‘ 
Peperidium, (60) 
§ 4. CosTi, Bl. 
Costus, L. 
§ 5. GLOBBiE, Bl. 
Globba, L. 
Cotebrookia, Donn. 
Ceratanthera, Horn. 
Mantisia, Sims. 
Renealmia, L. f. 
Catimbium, Juss. 
Lcptosolena, Presl. 
Hornstedtia, Retz. 
Kolovratia, Presl. 
Roscoea, Sm. 
Order CCXXXIV. MARANTACEtE. The Arrow-Root Tribe. 
Cann/e, Juss. Gen. 62. (1789) in part. — Cannae, R. Brown Prodr. 1. 307. (1810); 
Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 932. (1825). — Canne^e or Marante^, Brown in Flinders 
(1814). — Cannacea£, Agardh Aph. 181. (1823); Link Handb. 1. 223. (1829), a § 
of Scitamineae. 
Essential Character. — Cahjx superior, of 3 sepals, short. Corolla^ tubular, irre- 
gular, with the segments in 2 whorls ; the outer 3-parted, nearly equal ; the inner very 
irregular ; one of the lateral segments usually coloured, and formed differently from the 
rest; sometimes by abortion fewer than 3. Stamens 3, petaloid, distinct, of which one of 
the laterals and the intermediate one are either barren or abortive, and the other lateral one 
fertile. Filament petaloid, either entire or 2-lobed, one of the lobes bearing the anther on 
its edge. Anther 1 -celled, opening longitudinally. Pollen round (papillose in Canna coc- 
cinea, smooth in Calathea zebrina) . Ovary 3-celled ; ovules solitary and erect, or nume- 
rous and attached to the axis of each cell ; shjle petaloid or swollen ; stigma either the 
mere denuded apex of the style, or hollow, cucullate, and incurved. Fruit capsular, as in 
Scitamineae. Seeds round, without aril ; albumen hard, somewhat floury ; embryo 
straight, naked, its radicle lying against the hilum. — Herbaceous tropical plants, destitute of 
aroma. Rhizoma creeping, abounding in nutritive faecula. Stem often branching. Leaves, 
inflorescence, and flowers, as in Zingiberaceae. 
Anomalies. The ovary of Thalia is monospermous. 
Affinities. Under Zingiberacese, the relations of that order and the 
present to other monocotyledonous groups has been noticed. In this place 
the distinction between the two orders has to be explained. Brown was 
the first to propose the separation of them, in which he has not been followed 
generally ; a circumstance that has possibly arisen from a belief that Ma- 
rantacese differed from Zingiberacese only in the absence of aroma and vitellus, 
and in the imperfection of their anther. But, as I have formerly stated in 
the Botanical Register, folio 932, the distinction of the two orders depends 
upon a much more important consideration than either of these. In true 
Zingiberacese, as Brown has observed {Prodr. 305.), the stamen is always 
