Order CCLXII. ACORACE^. 
Acoroide^, Ag. Aphorism. 133. (1822) ; Schott Meletemata, 22. (1832). — Acorin^e, Link 
Handb. 1. 144. (1829). 
Essential Character. — Flowers hermaphrodite, surrounded with scales. Spathe 
leaf-like, not rolled up. Stamens complete, opposite the scales, with 2-celled anthers turned 
inwards. Ovaries distinct. Fruit baccate, finally juiceless. Seeds albuminous, with the 
embryo in the axis. — Rhizoma jointed. Leaves ensiform, embracing each other in the bud. 
Schott. 
Affinities. Cut off from Aracese chiefly on account of the different ar- 
rangement of leaves in the bud, and consequent habit ; and because of the 
scaly rudiments of the perianth which are always present. I place here Aspi- 
distra and Tupistra, not because I believe that this is really the station of these 
curious plants, but because I really do not know what else to do with 
them. 
Geography. Entirely inhabitants of the temperate parts of the Eastern 
hemisphere. 
Properties. Acorus Calamus is slightly aromatic. 
GENERA. 
Acorus, L. Tupistra, Ker. Aspidistra, Ker. 
Gymnostachys, R.Br. Rohdea, Roth. Macrogyne, Lk. 
* * 
Alliance III. TYPHALES. 
Essential Character. — Flowers on a spadix. Anthers clavate on long filaments. 
Sepals of the females either 3, or a ring of long hairs. 
Order CCLXIII. TYPHACE^. The Bulrush Tribe. 
TvPHiE, Gen. 25. (1789). — Aroide^e, § 3. R. Brown Prodr. 338. (1810). — Typhin^, 
Agardh Aph. 139. (1823). — Typhace^, DC. and Duty, 482. (1828) ; Lindl. Synops. 
247.(1829); Richard in Arch, de Bot. vol. 1. p. 193. (1833). — Typhoids^ and 
Sparganioide^, Link Handb. 1. 132. 133. (1829), both sections of Cyperaceae. 
Essential Character. — Flowers unisexual, arranged upon a naked spadix. Sepals 3, 
or more, sometimes a mere bundle of hairs. Petals wanting. Males : Stamens 3 or 6, 
anthers wedge-shaped, attached by their base to long filaments, which are sometimes mona- 
delphous. Females: Ovary single, superior, 1 -celled; ovule solitary, pendulous; style 
short; stigmas 1 or 2, simple, linear. Fruit dry, not opening, 1-celled, 1-seeded. Embryo 
in the centre of albumen^ straight, taper, with a cleft in one side, in which the plumule 
lies ; radicle next the hilum. — Herbaceous plants, growing in marshes or ditches. Stems 
without nodi. Leaves rigid, ensiform, with parallel veins. Spadix without a spathe. 
Affinities. Jussieu, following Adanson, distinguishes these from Araceae, 
with which Brown re-unites them, retaining them, however, in a separate sec- 
tion. They are generally regarded as a distinct tribe by most writers, and are 
surely sufficiently characterised by their calyx being 3-sepaled and half-gluma- 
ceous, or a mere bundle of long hairs, long lax filaments, clavate anthers, so- 
litary pendulous ovules, and peculiar habit. Agardh refers Typhaceae to glu- 
maceous Monocotyledons, on account of the analo-gy between the calyx of 
Typha and the hypogynous hairs of Eriophorum, a genus of Cyperaceae. They 
are combined with Pandanaceae by Kunth, but appear to be sufficiently distin- 
