392 
Order CCLXXII. RAFFLESIACE^E. 
Rafflesiace^, Endlicher Meletemata, p. 14. (1832). 
Essential Character. — Floioers hermaphrodite, or by abortion dioecious. Perianth 
superior, globose or campanulate ; the limb 5-parted, with the segments imbricated or 
doubled inwards in aestivation ; the throat surrounded by calli, which are either distinct or 
run together into an entire ring. Column (synema) hypocrateriform or sub-globose, adhe- 
ring to the tube of the perianth ; anthers numerous, distinct, or somewhat connate, adhe- 
ring by the base, in one row; 2-celled, with the cells opposite, and each opening by a ver- 
tical aperture, or concentricaUy many-celled with a common pore. Ovary inferior, 1 -celled, 
with many many-seeded parietal placentae; styles conical, equal in number to the placentae, 
run together wdthin the column, but projecting beyond it, and then distinct. — Stemless plants. 
Flowers solitary, immersed among scales. Endlicher. 
Affinities. These curious plants are all parasitical, with scales in room 
of leaves. Among them is the very remarkable species described by Brown 
in the 13th vol. of the Linnean Society’s Transactions, under the name of 
Rafflesia, to which I refer those w^ho are desirous either of knowing what is 
the structure of one of the most anomalous of vegetables, or of finding a mo- 
del of botanical investigation and sagacity, or of consulting one of the most 
beautiful specimens of botanical analysis which Mr. Bauer has ever made. 
The most interesting circumstance in the organisation of these plants, is that 
they exhibit in some degree the structure both of flowering and flowerless, or 
of vascular and cellular plants. Like flowering or vascular plants, they have 
a distinct floral envelope, and distinct sexual organs, not essentially, or in fact 
very diflferent from those of ordinary vegetables. Like flowerless or cellular 
plants, they have slender traces of spiral vessels, and their seeds appear to be 
composed of a homogeneous mass of grumous matter, in which no radicle or 
cotyledons, no ascending or descending extremity, no definite points of vege- 
tation, can be distinguished. Kunth considers Pilostyles to be a morbid alte- 
ration of the flower of an Adesmia, see Ann. Sc. N. Ser. vol. 4. p. 223 ; an 
opinion which GuiUemin strenuously controverts. 
Geography. Natives of the East Indies. 
Properties. Probably aU astringent. Rafflesia is used in Java as a pow- 
erful astringent, for certain purposes. 
GENERA. 
Brugmansia, Bl. Haematostrobus, S.etE. 
Rafflesia, R. Br. Pilostyles, Guill. 
Order CCLXXIII. CYTINACE.E. 
Cytinea-:, .ddolphe Brongn. in Ann. des Sc. Nat. 1. 29. (1824) ■ Endlicher Meletemata, p. 
13. (1832). — Vi ^ riACv - iE ., Agardh. Aphor. Bot. p.2^0. (1826). — ^Aristolochi^, § 
Cytineae, Link Handb. 1. 368. (1829). 
Essential Character. — Flowers monoecious at the top of a stalk covered with imbri- 
cated scales, the males uppermost, the females lowermost, in the axil of a bract, and sup- 
ported on each side by a bractlet. Males : Perianth tubular-campanulate, wdth a spreading 
4-6-lobed limb, the segments imbricated, the exterior alternating with the bractlets. 
Column fleshy, protruded beyond the tube, thickened at the point, covered by anthers, and 
terminated by (8) somewfflat conical tubercles. Anthers 8, sessile, 2-celled; their cells 
distinct, opening longitudinally. Four dissepiment-like membranes alternate with the seg- 
ments of the perianth, and join its tube with the column. Females : Perianth as in the 
