393 
males, but epigynous. Ooary inferior, 1 -celled, with 8 parietal placentae. Style cylindrical, 
simple, joined to the tube of the perianth by septiform processes; stigma capitate, thick, 
with 8 furrows. Endlicher. 
Affinitiiiis. Kunth asserts that Apodanthes is not a parasitical plant, but 
a morbid state of a Casearia flower. Ann. Sc. N. Ser. 4. 223. For an ac- 
count of Hydnora see Meyer in Act. Acad. Nat. Cur. 16. 778. 
Geography. South of Europe, the Cape of Good Hope, and Guiana. 
Properties. Cytinus contains gallic acid, and, according to Pelletier 
(Bull. Pharm. 1331, d. 290), it has the singular property of precipitating ge- 
latine without containing tannin. 
GENERA. 
Cytinus, L. Hypolepis, Pers. Aphyteia, L. 
Hypocistis, Tourn. Phelypcea, Thunb. Hydnora, Th. 
? Hisbanche, Sparrm. 
Apodanthes, Poit. 
?? Gonyanthes, Bl. 
Order CCLXXIV. BALANOPHORE^. 
Balanaphorea:, Rich, in Mem. Mus. 8. 429. (1822) ; Endlicher Meletemata, p. 10. 
(1832). 
Essential Character. — Flowers monoecious, collected in dense heads, which are 
roundish or oblong, usually bearing both male and female flowers, but occasionally having 
the sexes distinct ; the receptacle covered with scales or setae variable in form, here and 
there bearing also peltate thick scales ; rarely naked. Male flowers pedicellate ; calyx 
deeply 3-parted, equal, spreading, with somewhat concave segments. Stamens 1-3 (seldom 
more), epigynous, with both united filaments and anthers; the latter 3. Female flowers : 
Ovary inferior, 1-2-celled, 1-2-seeded, crowned by the limb of the calyx, which is either 
marginal and nearly inverted, or consists of from 2 to 4 unequal leaflets ; ovule pendu- 
lous. Style 1, seldom 2, Aliform, tapering; stigma simple, terminal, rather convex. Fruit 
1 -celled, containing numerous spores collected in a bag resembling a solitary seed. Endl. 
[albumen globose, fleshy-cellular, whitish, very large. Embryo very minute in proportion 
to the albumen, roundish, whitish, enclosed in a superficial excavation, undivided, accord- 
ing to Richard.'] — Fungus-like plants, parasitical upon roots ; roots fleshy, horizontal, 
branched; stem naked, or covered by imbricated scales. 
Geography. A small tribe, consisting entirely of leafless plants, para- 
sitical upon roots, found in the West Indies, South America, the Indian Archi- 
pelago, some of the South Sea Islands, and the Cape of Good Hope. 
Properties. Unknown. 
GENERA. 
§ 1. Helosie.®, Endl. 
Helosis, Rich. 
Caldasia, Mut. 
Scybalium, Endl. 
§ 2. Langsdorffie^, 
Endl. 
Langsdorflfia, Mart. 
Balanophora, Forst. 
