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Recent Literature. 
it is identical, and Mr. Saunders now unites macrotarsa, reducing all the 
“ Gull-billed ” Terns to one. 
4. Sterna fluviatilis, Naum. 
S. hirundo, L. in part, and of most authors. — Larus bicolor, L. sterna, L. 
columbinus, Scop. — S. fluviatilis, Naum. — S. senegalensis, Sw. — S. wilsoni , 
Bp. — SS. macrodactyla, macroptera, Bias. — S. dougalli, Layard nec auct. 
Probably no one thinks of separating the American bird now ; but it 
was otherwise then. 
5. Sterna macrura, Naum. 
S. hirundo, L. in part. — S. paradisea, Briinn ( nec auct.). — S. macrura, 
Naum. — S. ardica, Temm. — S. brachypus, Sw. — S. pikei, Lawr. [ pykii, 
Bp.]. — S. portlandica, Ridgw. 
The general impression seems to be that S. hirundo , L., is a composite 
species with which it is best to have nothing to do. 
6. Sterna forsteri, Nutt. 
S. hirundo, Sw. & Rich, nec auct. — S. havelli, Aud. ( fide Cones). 
7. Sterna dougalli, Mont. 
S. paradisea. Keys. & Bias, and authors, nec Briinn. ; macdougalli, douglasi, 
of some. — S. gracilis, Gould. — ? Larus polo-candor, Sparrm. 
This name must stand in place of the more usual paradisea; for 
Briinn ich’s bird was an Arctic Tern ; the Roseate is not a boreal bird. 
8. Sterna cantiaca, Gm. 
/S', africana, Gm. — S. boysii, Lath. — S. canescens, Mey. & Wolf. — S. 
acuflavida, Cabot. — Thalasseus cantiacus, -Boie. — Adochelidon cantiacus, 
Kaup. — Thalasseus canescens, Th. candicans, Brehm. — Thai, acujlavidus , 
Coues. 
I long since relinquished my early attempt to separate acujlavidus . 
9. Sterna elegans, Gamb. 
Thalasseus elegans, Gamb. — Sterna comata, Phil. & Landb. — S. galcriculata, 
Scl. & Salv., Coues, partly, nec Licht. 
I am glad to find that we may after all revert to Gambel’s name, by 
which the species was long known. I followed S. & S. in changing to 
galericulata in 1872-74 ; but according to Saunders, from examination of 
the type, the latter is a synonym of maxima (= regia, Gamb.). 
10. Sterna maxima, Bodd. 
/S', maxima, Bodd. = P. E. 988. — S. cayennensis, Gm. — S. cayana , Lath. 
— /S', galericulata, Licht. (type examined, H. S.). — S. erythrorynchos, Wied. 
— /S', cristata , Sws. (type examined, H. S.). — S. regius, Gamb. — S. bergii, 
Irby, nec auct. — Thalasseus cayanus, Bp. — Thai, regius, Gamb. — Fhcetusa 
regia, Bp. — Thai, galericvlatus, Bias. — Thai, cayennensis, Gray. 
This large Tern, which proves to inhabit Africa as well as the warmer 
parts of America, has given much trouble. In 1872-74, I declined to 
follow S. & S., 1871, in identifying regia, Gamb., with Buffon’s bird, con- 
sidering that caspia might be in question, but I was apparently at fault 
