Ridgway on Birds observed at Mount Carmel . 
163 
migration, few of the truly migratory species being there on our 
arrival, — the 17th of April. At that date the woods were in 
nearly full leaf, the fruit-trees w T ere nearly done blossoming 
(several kinds entirely so), and the wheat waist-high. Still there 
were no Catbirds, Orioles, Kingbirds, nor Tanagers, all of which 
ordinarily reach Mount Carmel by that time. It was nearly a week 
before these birds made their appearance ; but after the full tide of 
migration set in there was little difference from other seasons, except 
the great dearth of transient Warblers, all of which were more or 
less rare, while many kinds, usually common, or even abundant, 
were not to be seen at all. Thus, there were no Black-throated 
Blue, Black-poll, Bay-breasted, Black-capped Green, nor Orange- 
crowned Warblers ; only a single individual each of the Golden- 
winged, Cape May, Black-throated Green, Chestnut-sided, and 
Worm-eating Warblers was noticed, while other migratory spe- 
cies were unusually rare. No specimens of the Black-and-yellow 
Warbler were detected until the 25th of May, when a pair were 
shot in the Cypress Swamp. The following were the most abun- 
dant species of this family, named, approximately, in the order of 
their numbers : Bendroeca ccerulea , Setophaga ruticilla, Oporornis 
formosus, Brotonoiat'ia direct, Siurus auricapillus, Myiodioctes mi- 
tratas, Helminthophaga pinns, II. peregrina (migratory), Siurus mota- 
dlla, Bendroeca dominica albilora, B. cestiva, and Geothlypis trichas. 
Thryomanes bewicki. Bewick’s Wren. — Very abundant, but 
confined entirely to dooryards. It was estimated by Mr. Brewster and 
myself that in Mount Carmel there was one pair of this Wren to about 
every two dwellings ! The House Wren ( Troglodytes aedon) is entirely 
unknown there, the present species wholly replacing it. 
?? Helinaia swainsoni. Swainson’s Warbler. — In the Cypress 
Swamp a bird was several times noticed by Mr. Brewster and myself, 
which we both agreed must be this species. It was well seen on several 
occasions, and its song heard, while one specimen was shot, hut, unfor- 
tunately, could not be found. It appeared to have habits somewhat simi- 
lar to those of the Prothonotary Warbler, with a song more like that of a 
Water Thrush ( Siurus motacilla ), but weaker, more sprightly, and more 
varied. 
Helminthophaga pinus. Blue-winged Yellow Warbler. — Very 
abundant in old clearings in the bottom-lands. 
Dendrceca dominica albilora. Yellow-throated Warbler. — 
Common enough, but the most difficult to collect of all the Warblers, on 
account of its partiality to the tops of the tallest sycamore-trees, practi- 
cally beyond the reach of small shot. The song strikingly resembles that 
