164 Ridgway on Birds observed at Mount Carmel. 
of the Indigo Bird in its tone, but is easily recognized from its peculiar 
modulation. 
Oporornis formosus. Kentucky "W arbler. ■ — One of the most 
abundant of the smaller birds, far exceeding even the Golden-crowned 
Thrush in numbers. In its general habits and manners it is much like 
the latter species, keeping on or near the ground. The nest is exceedingly 
difficult to find, since it is almost impossible to flush the female directly 
from it. 
Myiodioctes mitratus. Hooded Warbler. — Also an abundant 
species in certain parts of the bottoms, but only noticed in those localities 
where the switch cane ( Arundinaria tecta) forms more or less of the 
undergrowth, over which trails the rough, bright green stems and foliage of 
a species of Galium , and, but less frequently, a low-growing or trailing 
Smilax (probably S. walteri). The nest is built with scarcely any attempt 
at concealment, in a low bush, from one to two feet from the ground.' 
Stelgidopteryx serripennis. Rough-winged Swallow. — More 
abundant than Cotyle riparia, but, so far as this locality is concerned, of 
entirely similar nesting habits. Each, however, generally breeds in col- 
onies by itself. 
Collurio ludovicianus. Loggerhead Shrike. — Common. Although 
in previous papers I have given the white-rumped form ( excubitoroides ) as 
the Shrike of this portion of the country, all the specimens obtained dur- 
ing my recent visit were perfectly typical of the Southern race. 
Pyranga aestiva. Summer Redbird. — Abundant, but almost en- 
tirely confined to the more open and dry woods of the uplands, where 
very common along the roadsides or among the oak or hickory trees 
standing in immediate proximity to farm-houses. Quite similar to P. 
rubra in general manners, but notes much stronger and more emphatic, 
the song far finer. 
Pocecetes gramineus. Grass Finch. — Breeds, but is rather uncom- 
mon. 
Chondestes grammaca. Lark Finch. — Common summer resi- 
dent, partial to roadsides and fallow fields. 
Peuceea aestivalis. Bachman’s Finch. — Extremely local, and quite 
rare. Confined to old fields where dead trees are left standing. 
Euspiza americana. Black-throated Bunting. — Probably the 
most abundant of the Fringillidce , every meadow and grain-field being 
inhabited by a number of pairs. Most partial to clover-fields. Known 
usually as the “ Little Field Lark,” but, on account of its peculiar songs, 
sometimes as the “ Dick-cissel.” 
Pipilo erythrophthalmus. Towhee ; Chewink. — Abundant. 
Specimens obtained are absolutely typical of the species, none showing 
the least approach to P. arcticus. 
Sturnella rnagna, MeadowLark. — Very abundant. The Larks of 
this district do not tend in any of their characters toward S. neglecta. 
