Recent Literature. 
183 
niidce. Five families of American Herodiones are recognized, namely, 
Cancromidce, Ardeidce , Ciconiidce , Ibididce, and Plataleiclce, of each of which 
a concise diagnosis is given. The Ardeidce are treated so far in detail as to 
give the characters of the genera, and a monograph of the American spe- 
cies of the genus Ardea. These are four in number, Ardea occidentalis , A. 
lierodias, A. cinerea (“accidental in Greenland”), and A. cocoi (South 
American). Of these four species detailed descriptions of the different 
phases of plumage are given, with copious tables of bibliographical ref- 
erences. The A. wiirdemanni of Baird, which has been a puzzle to orni- 
thologists for twenty years, is considered to be the “ blue phase ” of A. 
occidentalis, nearly ten pages (nearly one third of the paper) being devoted, 
to a discussion bearing upon the character of A. “ wiirdemanni.” A. occi- 
dentalis is thus added to the series of “ dichromatic ” species of Ardeidce. 
This conclusion rests at present mainly on theoretical grounds. After 
referring to dichromatism as exhibited in several other species of Herons, 
and in some Hawks and Owls, Mr. Eidgway says, “ Who then, in view of 
these facts, can offer reasonable objection to the theory that Ardea occiden- 
talis is likewise represented by two distinct phases of plumage, of which 
the white is by far the more common, the normal or colored phase (‘ wiir- 
demanni ’) being very rare — perhaps becoming extinct ? ” 
As shown by the species already cited as composing the genu's Ardea , 
this genus is again restricted to rather narrow limits, the American spe- 
cies of the subfamily Ardeince alone being distributed into fourteen genera, 
of which two are new. Among the North American we have Herodias , 
Garzetta , Florida , and Butorides again reinstated, while the Demiegretta of 
Baird is divided into Hyclranassa and Dichromanassa, the last a new genus 
with the Ardea rufa of authors as type. The other new genus is Syrigma 
(= Buphus, Bon. 1855, nec Boie, 1826), with the South American Ardea 
sibillatrix as type. 
The Ciconiidce (of which the Wood Ibis is the only North American rep- 
resentative) is treated more briefly. A new genus ( Euxenura ), however, 
is instituted for the Ciconia maguari (Auct.) or the South American Stork, 
based chiefly on the remarkable characters of the tail (illustrated by an 
excellent figure), in which the lower coverts are elongated and stiffened, so 
as to resemble rectrices, the tail proper being short and deeply forked. — 
J. A. A. 
Reichenow’s Eeview of the Herons and their Allies. — Dr. 
Eeichenow’s order, “ Streitvogel” or “ Gressores ” * embraces the ordinary 
* Systematische Uebersicht der Schreitvogel ( Gressores ), einer natiirlichen, die 
Ibidce, Ciconiidce, Phcenicopteridce, Scopidcc, Balcenicipidce, und Ardeidce umfas- 
senden Ordnung. Yon Dr. Ant. Reichenow, Assistent am kgl. zoolog. Museum 
in Berlin. Journal fiir Ornithologie, XXY Jahrgang, pp. 113 -171, 225-278, 
pll. I, II. April and July, 1877. 
