PARK AND CEMETERY. 
34 
not already studied, elementary architect- 
ural design, water supply and sanitary en- 
gineering, masonry and foundations, con- 
tracts and specifications, and such addi- 
tional work in engineering, horticulture, 
and general landscape design as time and 
capacity permit. 
It should further be said that while the 
training above discussed should make a 
student a useful assistant to a landscape 
architect, ■ it is not expected to turn him 
out competent to practice, and should be fol- 
lowed by at least two or three years of 
practical experience in the employ of an 
established landscape architect, and, if 
possible, by travel for the study of profes- 
sional subjects in this country and in Eu- 
rope. 
It will be clear from these excerpts 
that the broad general culture of a 
college education is considered as 
necessary to the landscape architect 
as his technical training. The grad- 
uate who has done the work de- 
scribed above is ready to take up the 
concentrated professional study in 
the Graduate School of Applied Sci- 
ence leading to the degree of Master 
in Landscape Architecture. The spe- 
cial study for this degree may take 
two years or less under certain con- 
ditions. The Register says (page 11) ; 
“The Department will recommend for 
the degree of Master in Landscape 
Architecture a student who, having 
satisfied the Department as to his 
preparation, passes in Landscape Ar- 
chitecture 4, the required work in 
Forestry, Engineering, Horticulture, 
presents a satisfactory thesis, and 
shows high attainment in design in 
Landscape Architecture and in free- 
hand drawing ordinarily not to be 
acquired in less than two years.” 
Returning to our bulletins, we find 
that Harvard has for those who take 
up the subject, courses in Landscape 
Architecture (including freehand 
drawing), Fine Arts (Design in Ar- 
chitecture, Sculpture and Painting, 
etc.). Botany, Horticulture, Forestry, 
Engineering, Geology and Geogra- 
phy, English, German and French. 
At Cornell there is a two-year 
course in Rural Art which may be 
counted towards the degree of Bach- 
elor of Science in Agriculture and in- 
cludes several courses in landscape 
design, history and construction and 
freehand drawing, and must be pre- 
ceded by work in surveying, botany, 
organography of ornamental plants, 
elementary architecture. Dendrology 
and economic entomology are also 
required. 
The College of Agriculture of the 
University of Illinois offers courses 
in the Department of Horticulture in 
the History, and principles of Land- 
scape Design, in Landscape Horticul- 
ture and Planting Plans. A course 
in Landscape Gardening is given to 
all undergraduates. 
The Department of Literature, Sci- 
ence and the Arts of the University 
of Michigan in the Courses on Bot- 
any offers a course on the Principles 
of Landscape Gardening with lec- 
tures, readings, reports and field 
work. 
The College of Agriculture of the 
Ohio State University has a two- 
year course in Horticulture which in- 
cludes a course in landscape garden- 
ing. 
The Department of Horticulture of 
the University of California has a 
course in landscape gardening. 
The Missouri Botanical Garden of- 
fers instruction in Landscape Garden- 
ing and various related subjects. 
Lowthorpe School at Groton, 
Mass., has for its purpose “the train- 
ing of young women who desire to 
enter upon any of the many lines of 
work in life appropriate to women 
comprehended under the terms Land- 
scape Architecture, Landscape Gar- 
dening and Horticulture.” Its courses 
extend over two years and include 
Drawing, Study of Trees and Shrubs, 
Greenhouse Work, Surveying and 
Engineering, Garden and Landscape 
Design. 
At Columbia University, New York, 
a course in Landscape Architecture 
is to be established in October, on 
lines similar to those at Harvard; for 
the present they will be of necessity 
somewhat less thorough and compre- 
hensive. As there are at present no 
funds for the salaries of resident pro- 
fessors, the subjects already available 
in the University curriculum will be 
used in the course, to be supplement- 
ed about the beginning of 1910 by in- 
struction from three visiting teachers 
chosen from the members of the 
American Society of Landscape Ar- 
chitects which is co-operating with 
the University in the undertaking. 
This plan is similar to that adopted 
in the School of Architecture at Co- 
lumbia, in which instruction in design 
is given by visiting teachers who are 
practicing architects. The instructors 
in landscape architecture are to be 
Charles Downing Lay, Ferruccio Vi- 
tale and Harold A. Caparn. 
Several conclusions may be drawn 
from an examination of these various 
programmes. One is that, at Har- 
vard and in the course to be started 
at Columbia at least, outdoor design 
is held to be a desirable part of a 
liberal education; at Harvard the 
course in landscape architecture may 
be counted for the degree of A. B. 
Another conclusion is that it is com- 
ing to be felt that a course in horti- 
culture is not complete without in- 
struction in design; that while horti- 
culture is not a fine art, it is a pur- 
suit depending for success on associa- 
tion with and feeling for beautiful 
things, and thus that this feeling 
should be guided and developed to- 
wards a sense of the relation of plants 
to each other and to the things around 
them. There is no more fell enemy 
of good taste than the gardener who, 
confident in his power to produce 
gorgeous displays of flower or foliage 
and to glory in them, assumes that 
he therefore knows and understands 
all there is of design and criticism. 
If instruction in landscape design can 
help to improve this man out of exist- 
ence, let it be multiplied wherever 
gardening is known or taught. 
The value of the course at Colum- 
bia and perhaps at Harvard is likely 
to be, not so much in educating pro- 
fessional landscape architects, of 
whom the output is at present quite 
equal to the demand, as in spreading 
abroad a knowledge of standards to 
be striven for and expected in land- 
scape work. As the feeling and un- 
derstanding of outdoor design grows 
more common, we may reasonably 
expect a higher standard of attain- 
ment among its professors and high- 
er standard of sympathy among their 
clients. Thus, under the stimulus of 
a wider desire of and demand by the 
people for more and better work, the 
landscape architect may be expected 
to constantly increase in numbers, ef- 
ficiency and achievement. The aver- 
age excellence of work will rise, and 
with it the demand. This must be 
the case if our art is a healthy and 
natural growth, which it must be aft- 
er all, springing as it does from the 
desires of a people who inherit their 
love for Nature and her works from 
many generations of rural ancestry. 
The value of training in design, 
and especially in architectural or 
landscape design can hardly be over- 
estimated. It is one of the subjects 
in a college education that is sure to 
be of actual practical use to him in 
later years. Every intelligent lay- 
man is or ought to be at some time 
a critic of architecture or landscape 
work. It is impossible to get away 
from it, for it is all round us, and of 
the things that make up our daily 
life and by which we are affected 
more or less strongly whether we 
know it or not. If everyone knew 
something of design, bad architecture 
and bad landscape work would be- 
come things of the past, or at least 
we should be freed from the mon- 
strosities that are continually being 
