PARK AND CEMETERY . 
220 
makes the work difficult and necessi- 
tates a careful inspection of any loca- 
tion known to be infested. 
On the other hand the Brown Tail 
displays herself on the branches of trees, 
on shrubbery, etc., and under these con- 
ditions is easily located. 
The Brown Tail’s nests should be cut 
off and burned during the winter. In 
the matter of burning, a strong lively 
fire is absolutely necessary and a fur- 
nace is preferable. 
To destroy them over a wood fire out 
of doors is very difficult as the web is 
about the same character as asbestos. 
While this method of removal is prac- 
tical with the Brown Tail, the nests of 
the Gypsy should never be removed, 
but should be treated with Creosote. 
An application of Creosote will pene- 
trate and kill all the eggs in the nest. 
In cases where the pests are not dis- 
covered in time to be removed or cre- 
osoted, spraying must be resorted to. 
Arsenate of Lead is used for this pur- 
pose, mixed in a proportion of about 
ten pounds of lead to one hundred gal- 
lons of water. This solution sprayed 
on the leaves as nearly as possible, will 
make it impossible for the young to 
feed and thus lacking nourishment they 
MOTH FIGHTING IMPLEMETSTTS. 
1. Nozzle with quarter-inch opening, used 
by power sprayer; the power sprayer 
uses quantities of material, but is a 
necessity for covering large areas. 
2. The best kind of a brush for creosot- 
ing in ordinary work. 
3. Single-way nozzle, spraying from end 
only; used on a spraying pole. 
4. A four-way nozzle, throwing the insec- 
ticide from four openings; very effect- 
ive. as every drop counts; used on a 
spray pole. 
POWERFUL SPRAYING MACHINE; 600 GALLONS CAPACITY 
will die. Spraying is thoroughly ef- 
fective but should be used in connec- 
tion with the hand work. In the se- 
lection of Arsenate of Lead a standard 
and well known make should be used, 
as there are very many kinds on the 
market that are worse than useless. 
The question of price in the matter 
should not influence a choice, when the 
difference is not too great. 
A power machine, such as the city 
authorities use, is necessary for very 
large trees, but for small trees a hand 
pump will do effective work. 
To those who live in sections where 
the pests have not as yet evidenced 
themselves it would be well to say, that 
the day of their coming cannot be reck- 
oned; they may come like a thief in the 
night 
As an incentive to activity, it might 
be well to remember that during the 
winter, the Gypsy is in the egg state, 
hatching out in the Spring and a nest 
may have one hundred, or five hundred 
eggs, and further that one tree may be 
ornamented with from one to five htin- 
dred nest clusters. 
The Brown Tail is alive during the 
winter, ready to do business when the 
leaves show. Each nest of these pests 
average about the same as the Gypsy 
Moth. 
Luke J. Doogue. 
MAKING WOODLAND INTO GROVE 
Park commissioners have often been 
confronted with this problem, i. e., of 
properly thinning out a woodland, and 
permitting enough light to establish a 
good turf. Many country dwellings 
have been built in these healthy woods, 
with the most unsatisfactory results, after 
the usual treatment of thinning out. 
And yet this very thing, properly done, 
is practical. 
When we create new conditions, we 
should not fail to take original condi- 
tions into consideration. 
Let us consider the characteristic dif- 
ference between a tree growing in the 
woods and one isolated. 
The woodland tree is tall and has not 
the strength of trunk in proportion to 
its height, and consequently it would 
suffer from storms, were it robbed of its 
supporting trees. But the greatest dif- 
ference, in these trees, lies in the root 
system. Trees growing in the woods 
have their roots growing very near the 
surface, because they feed largely upon 
the decomposed leaves which also tend 
to hold the moisture. 
Now if we rake off this bed of leaves 
and mulching, we expose many of these 
roots to the burning sun, and if we try 
to raise a crop of grass we rob the 
tree again of moisture and the result 
often is a slow but sure death. 
The following arrangement is what I 
recommend because I have proven it to 
be successful. 
After cutting away until only the de- 
sired trees remain, look them over care- 
fully, and if there are any that you 
consider tall out of proportion, head 
them back to give them the necessary 
strength. Then cover the entire surface 
of ground with three or four inches of 
good loam, or top-soil. Then this 
should be cultivated one whole season, 
and not until the second season should 
grass be sown. 
This top dressing makes a good foun- 
dation for your lawn and also furnishes 
that necessary protection for the tree 
while it is adapting itself to new condi- 
tions. 
Wm. G. MacLean. 
Madison, Wis. 
