PARK AND CEMETERY . 
360 
DUST PREVENTION IN GERMANY 
they may be tucked into the soil 
much later if the ground remains un- 
frozen. They may even be trans- 
planted when in full bloom. In fact, 
few plants insist less upon the con- 
ventional forms of gardening. 
In selecting varieties, the white ones 
will assure a fine display always, 
though both purple and lavender 
varieties have larger blossoms. The 
mammoth yellow is the most florifer- 
ous of the group, as well as the earli- 
est and latest to bloom. 
When planting in sod, carefully re- 
move a small portion, tuck in the 
bulb, and replace the sod. In this 
way there are no bare places in the 
sward, yet the young plant finds no 
difficulty in making its way through 
the ground in spring. 
The chionodoxa or “glory of the 
snow,” is too little known. The flow- 
ers are produced in clusters, in sev- 
eral shades of blue, invariably show- 
ing a white eye. Like the crocus, 
with which they are contemporary, 
the plants increase freely both from 
seed and the multiplication of bulbs; 
consequently it takes but a short 
time to establish a well filled sward 
from a few bulbs. 
The site of an old garden is usu- 
ally marked by the great clump of 
“Easter flowers” long after the grave 
of the grower is overgrown with 
weeds, — a fitting monument to the 
flower lover, even though miles from 
her last resting place. Few plants 
persist so perfectly despite years of 
neglect. Grown in clumps, the daf- 
fodil is most effective for bordering 
streams, though always a pleasing 
feature when with a background of 
shrubbery. Unlike the earlier spring 
blossoms, the leaves persist during 
the early summer ; hence it is not de- 
sirable save in spots where nature is 
allowed to do her own pruning. But 
where the grass grows according to 
its own sweet will, adding its deli- 
cate plumose heads to the beauty of 
the scene, there daffodils will grow. 
Even more graceful than the old 
double variety of golden yellow is the 
single N. pseudo-narcissus, more deli- 
cate in color and more airy in form. 
This variety holds its place for years 
in the grass, with only the nourish- 
ment furnished by nature. N. poeti- 
cus, pure white with a tiny cup mar- 
gined with orange-scarlet, is a beauti- 
ful variety which is quite fragrant. 
The idea is growing more and more 
in favor of massing many plants of a 
single species together; and with no 
class can this be more admirably 
done. Bessie L. Putx.^m. 
In answer to an inquiry, Consul- 
General A. i\I. Thackara, of Berlin, 
furnishes the following information 
concerning recent experiments in 
street and highway pavements: 
The best pavement for automobile 
traffic in cities is said to be the im- 
pregnated wood-block pavement, be- 
cause it does not wear out automo- 
bile tires so quickly, is much freer 
from dust, and much more . suscept- 
ible to the influence of dust-binding 
and dust-settling agents, which are 
also more permanent in the case of 
wood-block pavement. This class of 
pavement is, however, used only in 
the approaches to bridges and on the 
bridges themselves, to lessen the jar 
and give better footing to horses. 
Asphalt is still considered the best 
all-around pavement for heavy traf- 
fic. Some of the more prominent 
country highways are constructed of 
a layer of heavier stones, on top of 
which there is placed a mosaic layer 
of small stones of about 3-inch cubic 
dimensions, wffiich are set into a lay- 
er of sand placed upon the larger 
stones. The advantage of this high- 
way is that it is not so dusty and is 
much more easil}^ kept clean. It also 
stands the w-ear and tear of heavy 
traffic better than a macadamized 
road, but it is also more expensive. 
Various experiments have been 
made in different parts of Germany 
with the tarring of roads to prevent 
dust and to keep the road in better 
condition. An experimental contest 
betiveen four prominent German 
The Shade Tree Commission of Jer- 
sey City, N. J., has been granted a to- 
tal appropriation of $60,700 for its use 
for the next fiscal year commencing De- 
cember 1, 1910, according to informa- 
tion recently received from Mr. A. T. 
Hastings, Jr., Secretary and City For- 
ester. This is divided as follows : Street 
work, $13,000 : park work, $37,500 ; play- 
grounds, $3,500 : music in parks, $3,750 : 
executive, $.3,950 ; supplies, etc., $1,000. 
The wages of the park keepers have 
been increased to $60 per month and the 
City Forester to $1,800 per year. Jer- 
sey City has recently authorized and 
executed a bond issue of $300,000 for a 
new park. 
A delegation from Cape Girardeau, 
companies was held last August on 
the prominent Havel Chaussee to the 
southwest of Berlin, which is being 
watched and studied in expert and 
official circles here. The heated tar 
Avas spread on the Chaussee by 
means of machines and also by la- 
borers, and then covered with a thin 
layer of sand. The laborers were 
protectively clothed for this ivork. 
Xo official decision or opinion has as 
yet been given as to which system is 
the best, and the parts of the Chaus- 
see tarred by the different companies 
are still marked off and open to in- 
spection. 
In binding the dust on the street 
pai-ements, e.xperiments hai'e been 
made in various parts of Berlin with 
a particular preparation, and accord- 
ing to official report a sprinkling 
with a 1 to 100 solution of this prep- 
aration and water, by- means of or- 
dinary street sprinklers, successfully 
kept the dust bound, even in the 
streets with the largest traffic, for 
four to five weeks. The cost per 
square meter (1.196 yards) for six 
oil-solution sprinklings a year was 
less than one-seventh of the average 
annual cost for sprinkling with Avater 
alone. One vital disadvantage of this 
preparation is the fact that it is said 
to tend to make the pavements slip- 
perj', and thus cause horses to fall 
and be injured. [Consul-General 
Thackara transmits the names of the 
German manufacturers (syndicate) 
of muriate of potash, Avhich are on 
file in the Bureau of Manufactures.] 
AIo., recently visited Quincy, 111., for 
the purpose of investigating methods 
and conditions attending the very suc- 
cessful park work of that city. They 
were conducted on their tour by Mr. 
E. J. Parker, president of the Boulevard 
and Park Association, and Avere highly 
appreciative of Avhat they saw, express- 
ing themselves as highly satisfied with 
the methods and results of park-making 
and maintenance as shown in Quincy. 
The Metropolitan Parks Commission 
appointed bi' the Canadian legislature 
in July last, held its first meeting at the 
Court House in Montreal on August 9. 
Montreal will be greatly benefited in its 
park system under this new control. 
The Board of Park Commissioners of 
