PARK AND CEMETERY . 
the larvae begin to feed. This spraying is 
not as effective as the eariy spraying. 
When the full grown larvae crawl down 
the trunks to pupate, great numbers of them 
collect in the crevices of the bark at the 
bases of the elms and on the ground near 
the trees. At that time every owner of a 
tree can do his part to destroy the pest by 
sweeping up the caterpillars as they come 
down, and kill them by pouring hot watei' 
over them. 
By order of the Shade Tree Commission. 
WILLIAM SOLOTAROPF. 
Secretary and Superintendent. 
Sixty property owners responded and 
seventy-seven large elms on private 
property were sprayed. Many people, 
however, neglected their trees and in 
midsummer it was striking to see the 
contrast between the sprayed and the 
unsprayed trees. 'I'hose trees on the 
street and on private property that were 
treated retained their foliage through- 
out the season, while the unsprayed 
trees in many cases less than fifty feet 
away were completely defoliated. 
The spraying of trees liegan on May 
18, with the machine operated with liciuid 
carbon dioxide. On Alay 20, the gasoline 
sprayer was also at work. At the liegin- 
ning of the spraying the work was in- 
terrupted by continuous rains, so it was 
impossible to progress rapidly. On 
June 2, when it was noticed that the de- 
positing of eggs on the underside of 
the leaves had hegun, only 2(57 trees 
had been sprayed. The spraying, how- 
ever, was continued during the jieriod 
of incubation with good results. On 
June 10 it was noticed that the hatching 
of the caterpillars had begun. On June 
25. the Superintendent made a tliorough 
inspection of the elms in the city. The 
early spraying was extremely effective. 
Some of the leaves were eaten hy the 
adult beetles, but there were few egg 
masses. Spraidng done after June 14 
was also effective. Although the leaves 
showed many empty egg masses, there 
were practically no larvae, as these were 
poisoned as soon as they liegan to feed 
after hatching. The trees on certain 
streets were given a second spraying. 
On July 2 all spraying was stopped. 
The two machines that were used proved 
inadequate to treat all the city trees 
within a period of time when spraying 
would be most effective. On July 7, 
the caterpillars of the Elm Leaf Beetle 
were observed descending the trunks of 
the elm trees to pupate. The devastat- 
ing effect of the pest was then at its 
height. Not a single unsprayed tree 
within the cit_v limits was free from the 
attack. Only a partial second hrood of 
beetles was observed. The total num- 
ber of elm trees sprayed was 7(53, of 
which 686 were on the streets, and 77 
on private property. 
'I'he infestation of the elm trees was 
general throughout this section of the 
state and the outlook is that the Elm 
Leaf Beetle will be as numerous next 
year as during the past. 
As in former years, the tussock moth 
was controlled by destroying the egg- 
masses which remain on the trees all 
winter. 
The Leopard Moth is a borer and is 
the most destructive species attacking 
city trees, especially the maples, the lin- 
dens and the horse-chestnuts. The cat- 
erpillars bore into the wood and the 
injuries to trees are very severe. When 
a large wound is made on the side of a 
branch the bark covering it breaks away, 
the wood is exposed, it dries and checks, 
the successive annual layers do not cover 
the scar so that the circulation of sap 
is retarded and the end of the limb dies. 
O /I 
The injury to the trees in such cases is 
not immediately apparent, but is none 
the less fatal. 
It takes two years for the insect to 
develop from the egg to the adult con- 
dition. During the first summer the 
caterpillar restricts its operations to the 
small twigs and branches ; during the 
second season it bores into the main 
branches and the trunks of infested 
trees. It is during the second season 
that the greatest injury is done. 
On August 20, the work against this 
pest was begun and by September 32 the 
entire city was covered. About 8,000 
trees were treated. Tw'o methods were 
used to kill the borers: by injecting car- 
bon bisulphide into the burrow and plug- 
ging the opening with putty, and also 
hy using a wire. The latter method was 
THE BRONZE BIRCH BORER, SHOWING GALLERIES MADE BY 
LxVRVAE IN CAMBICM T,AYER OF WHITE BIRCH. 
