375 
PARK AND CEMETERY. 
THE NIAGARA GAS SPRAYER USED BY THE EAST ORANGE SHADE TREE COilMISSION. 
found to be more rapid. Badh’ infested 
small branches were entirely removed. 
In this work it was possible to cover 
only the trunks and main branches of 
the trees: the men could not reach the 
ends of the branches and small twigs 
where the newly hatched larvae are 
found. The amount of work that was 
done was extremely effective, however, 
as the caterpillars that would have ma- 
tured by next spring were killed, and 
thus the depositing of eggs for another 
brood was almost entirely prevented. 
Next summer when the overwintering 
larvae begin their borings further down 
the trees, the same work of killing them 
will have to be repeated and in that way 
it is hoped to kill the entire brood. 
There was a recurrence of the visita- 
tion of the woolly maple scale througn- 
out the city, and was similar to that ot 
1905 and 1906. The most practicable 
way of fighting this pest is to wash the 
trunks of the infested sugar- maples with 
an oil emulsion at intervals during the 
summer as the larvae collect on the 
trunks. During August the trunks and 
main branches of the Sugar Maples in 
the city were treated with an oil emul- 
sion. 
The insect passes the winter in the 
larval form in the crevices of the bark. 
As the weather permitted all the 
trunks of the Sugar iMapIes were 
treated with oil emulsion. The work 
will be kept up until all the trees are 
washed and the brood of larvae de- 
stroyed. 
During the past two years a great 
many white birches died. The Super- 
intendent investigated the cause of their 
dying for a long time, and on August 
2.3 he found unmistakable proof that the 
frees had been killed by the Bronze 
Birch Borer. Dr. John B. Smith, the 
State Entomologist, to whom samples 
of the borings were submitted, wrote 
that it was the first report that he had 
received of this species in this state. 
The Bronze Birch Borer is practically 
invulnerable against any insecticides. 
There is no possibility of saving a tree 
after it is once infested. The only prac- 
ticable and effective method yet found 
for checking its ravages is to cut down 
Prof. F. A. Waugh, well-known for 
his books and other contributions to the 
modern literature of landscape garden- 
ing, recently made a trip to Germany and 
writes interestingly of German landscape 
gardening in the Country Gentleman, 
from which we qtiote as follows : 
My principal interest in Germany has 
been in landscape gardening, and while 
T have not made any original and won- 
derful discoveries in this field, my ob- 
servations have been numerous and, to 
me at least, very interesting. We must 
and burn all of the infested trees. 
The Chestnut Bark Disease which is 
caused b}^ a fungus, was discovered in 
1904, in the New York Zological Park. 
The spread of the fungus has been very 
rapid through Greater New York, Long 
Island and Northern New Jersey. Dur- 
ing the last two years the death of the 
chestnut trees has been general through- 
out East Orange, and up to the present 
time no means has been discovered of 
successfully combatting the pest. 
The Commission planted 786 trees 
during the year and now has under its 
jurisdiction 14,185 trees. The expendi- 
tures for the year amounted to $10,284. 
.-klfred P. Bailer is president of the Com- 
mission and Willian Solotaroff, secre- 
tary and superintendent. 
begin with the understanding that Ger- 
man}^ has never made any impression 
on the world in the way of landscape 
art. Italy, France, England and Japan 
are well known for their achievements, 
and one would naturally expect that a 
people so forward in art and so strong 
in all the elements of an advanced civi- 
lization as Germany is, would have done 
something memorable. Why they have 
not done great things I cannot say, but 
it appears to me clear that they have 
not. 
GERMAN LANDSCAPE GARDENING 
