PARK AND CEMETERY. 
380 
Traveling Public,” which was as fol- 
lows : 
INFLUENCE OF RAILWAY GARDENING 
ON THE PUBLIC. 
By R. J. Rice 
This is a question which may be answered 
from remarks and conversations heard from 
the public, especially while traveling on the 
train. 
As you pass by a station where there are 
lawns and flowers you will hear some pas- 
senger say: “Does that belong to the rail- 
road?” And when they are informed that 
it does, they seem to be very much sur- 
prised to know that the railroad will spend 
so much money to keep up their station 
grounds just for the enjoyment of their 
patrons. 
Everybody enjoys flowers, but how much 
more so when, after riding a day or more 
on the train, through a section of the coun- 
try where they do not see any lawns or 
flowers or any nice green shrubs, nothing 
but the dry, dusty roads and unimproved 
grounds around railroad stations, to come 
to a station where they can go out and 
enjoy a shady spot or a nice green lawn 
with a few bright flowers, and where the 
air is pure and refreshing. Your mind is 
taken away from the wearisome trip, you 
forget all about the stations where you saw 
but a pile of cinders or rubbish. A journey 
taken on a railroad where they keep up 
the beautiful lawns is not near so tiresome. 
The appreciation of railroad gardening can 
be seen and heard even from the children. 
While traveling, they notice the surround- 
ings as well as the older ones. You will 
hear a child call its parents’ attention to 
beautiful lawns and flowers. 
At Union Stations, where passengers are 
compelled to wait over for connections, how 
pleasant it is for them after a hot, dusty 
trip to be able to walk about the well-kept 
grounds, with their beautiful trees, shrubs 
and flowers. How often you hear them say: 
“How beautiful are those flowers; how re- 
freshing.” When they are told that it is 
all kept up by the railroad, they say: “How 
kind it is for the company to keep up these 
grounds,” or “where does the railroad get any 
benefit out of this” ? I think there is nothing 
enjoyed more by the traveling public than 
well-kept station grounds, with their beauti- 
ful flowers and lawns and everything look- 
ing cheerful. 
I therefore feel that the effect of railroad 
gardening upon the traveling public is both 
beneficial and helpful, going a long way 
towards brightening what would be under 
other circumstances a very tiresome trip. 
Then give the railroad gardener the credit 
of doing some good and urge the advance- 
ment of this department which strives to 
make every traveler’s trip one of pleasure. 
The sentiment among the members as 
e.xpressed was very strong against the 
■‘bill-board nuisance.’ 
On Tuesday a special tour of inspec- 
tion of three divisions of the Boston & 
Main System was made, in charge of 
J. E. Judkin and Daniel Desmond, Bos- 
ton & Maine gardeners, which was fol- 
lowed by a meeting in the office of Geo. 
H. Foote,, Boston & Maine passenger 
train master. The report of committee 
on bylaws was adopted with the fol- 
lowing changes : Name : Railway Gar- 
dening Association ; Membership : Act- 
ive and Life, limited to Railway Em- 
ployes ; Dues : Active, $2.00 per annum ; 
associate, $10 per annum ; life, $10.00. 
The election of officers resulted as fol- 
lows : 
President, Patrick Foy, Norfolk & 
Western, Roanoke, Va. 
Vice-president, J. E. Smith, Pennsyl- 
vania, Ridley Park, Pa. 
PATENT ASPHALTIC CEMENT ROAD 
Leonard Schade van Westrum, of 
Grand Rapids, Mich., has been granted 
patent No. 956,009, for an improvement 
in methods of making roads, streets, 
road-beds of railways and other like 
surfaces, by means of an asphaltic ce- 
ment laid cold. 
Bituminous roads, streets, etc., like 
sheet asphalt, tar, macadam, bitulithic, 
asphalt macadam, the inventor says, 
have hitherto been built in the following 
manner ; The sand, stone, etc., have to 
he heated and also the bitumen, like as- 
phalt, tar, etc., and these materials have 
to be mixed hot and spread hot over a 
given foundation. The object of heat- 
ing the materials is to drive out all of 
the moisture which the mineral aggre- 
gate contains, because this moisture 
would prevent the bitumen, asphalt, tar, 
etc., from entering the pores of the min- 
eral aggregate and no permanent bind- 
ing effect would be possible. 
The invention is designed to do aw'ay 
with heating in any form when the pave- 
ment is to be laid. The moisture in 
the stones, sand, gravel, earth, etc., is 
used as a carrying agent, which sucks 
the bituminous material, like asphalt, 
tar, etc., into the pores of the mineral 
aggregate. For this purpose hard bi- 
tumen is liquefied like natural asphalt, 
artificial asphalt, or the like, by heating 
and mixing it with any suitable flux, 
like residuum or mineral oils, or resi- 
duum of cotton seed or similar oils. In 
case a softer bitumen is used like Tex- 
as, California or Kansas asphalt, which 
contains enough natural flux, these as- 
phaltums are used pure, or with a small- 
er percentage of flux and these mixtures 
are made emulsifiable in water. The 
products obtained are mixed with cold 
stone, sand, or earth, by hand or ma- 
chinery, and spread upon the roadway 
on a given foundation, and then com- 
pacted. The moisture in the stone will 
suck the emulsified asphalt cement into 
the pores of the stone and after a few 
hours the action of the air oxidizes the 
emulsified asphaltic cement and the 
whole mixture of stone, etc., and emul- 
sified asphaltic cement makes a compact 
mass which is hard enough to withstand 
traffic. 
By “hard bitumen” is meant mean 
Secretary-treasurer, J. S. Butterfield, 
Mo. Pac. Iron Mt., Lees Summit, Mo. 
Executive committee, all the officers 
and A. V. Smith, Pennsylvania, Ridley 
Park, Pa.; F. W. Vail, Central of New 
Jersey, Dunnellen, N. J. ; H. A. Bode, 
Illinois Central, Champaign, 111. 
The ne.xt meeting will be held in Chi- 
cago, August 15, 1911. 
The association has issued a hand- 
some souvenir book, illustrated with 
some fine specimens of railway gar- 
dening, and a second and enlarged 
edition is to be published as soon as 
some additional photographs and pa- 
pers have been collected. 
The membership of the organiza- 
tion is limited to railroad employees 
connected with the Gardening De- 
partment of American Railroads. 
Aside from the social features the' 
objects of this Association are to con-- 
sider a more thorough and systematic 
extension of Railroad Gardening; ta 
improve the appearance of all railroad 
way lands, especially those adjacent 
to passenger stations; to encourage 
the beautifying of grounds adjoining 
railroad property; to eliminate what- 
ever unnecessarily detracts from the 
beauty of the landscape -as seen from 
the car window; to stimulate uni- 
versal interest in presenting more at- 
tractive appearances to the traveling 
public. 
CONSTRUCTION 
asphaltums, tar, etc., which are not 
fluid when cold. 
In order to emulsify the asphalt, tar, 
etc., it is heated until liquid, with or 
without addition of a suitable flux, and 
saponified through acid, alkali, ricinous. 
oil, resin oil, resin, alkaloid, cinolin, py- 
ridin or picolin base and a volatile fluid 
like ammonia, etc., and enough water 
added to the mixture to make it stay 
fluid when cold. 
In order to be suitable for road build- 
ing purposes the emulsified cement must 
not contain more than 10 to 20 parts 
chemicals, acids, resins, ammonia, etc., 
and the proportion of asphalt, tar, etc., 
must be not less than 30 parts and not 
more than 80 parts of the whole mix- 
ture. For e.xample, take 60 to 80 parts 
of Trinidad or Bermudas asphalt, mix 
this with 20 to 40 parts suitable flux, 
emulsify this mixture by adding to the 
hot mixture 4 parts to 8 parts of resin, 
three to six parts of resin oil, 2 to 4 
parts red oil, and 2 to 4 parts ammonia, 
and 20 to 40 parts water. These mate- 
rials must be thoroughly mi.xed so they 
will readily emulsify in water. 
